Erik J. Saude, MD, PhD, Christopher D

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Metabolomic profiling of asthma: Diagnostic utility of urine nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy  Erik J. Saude, MD, PhD, Christopher D. Skappak, Shana Regush, BSc, Kim Cook, RN, Amos Ben-Zvi, PEng, PhD, Allan Becker, MD, FRCPC, Redwan Moqbel, PhD, FRCPath, Brian D. Sykes, PhD, Brian H. Rowe, MD, MSc, CCFP(EM), Darryl J. Adamko, MD, FRCPC  Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  Volume 127, Issue 3, Pages 757-764.e6 (March 2011) DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.1077 Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Creating a metabolomic model of asthma in outpatient clinic versus healthy controls. PLS-DA analysis (SIMCA-P 11) of urine metabolite levels for outpatient asthma compared with healthy control children. A, VIP ranking the metabolites according to their significance in the model. B, Scaled and centered metabolite differences between groups shown as the coefficients of variation plot. C, Three-dimensional scatter plot displaying the model’s degree of separation between outpatient asthma (circles) and healthy controls (squares; R2 = 0.72; Q2=0.67). Error bars represent 95% CIs. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2011 127, 757-764.e6DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.1077) Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Differentiating asthma from healthy subjects. The PLS-DA algorithm separates groups of data on the basis of a score of 0-1; in this case a value closer to 0 indicates no asthma, and above 0.5 indicates the subject has asthma. A, PLS-DA prediction scores for each subject. B, The accuracy of predicting outpatient asthma or healthy control in the form of an ROC. Error bars represent medians and interquartile ranges. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2011 127, 757-764.e6DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.1077) Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Stable versus unstable asthma. PLS-DA analysis of children with stable outpatient asthma compared with those having an asthma exacerbation. A, Scaled and centered metabolite differences between groups shown in the coefficients of variation plot. B, Three-dimensional representation of separation between outpatient asthma (open circles) and asthma exacerbation (triangles; R2 = 0.84; Q2 = 0.74). Error bars represent 95% CIs. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2011 127, 757-764.e6DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.1077) Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Stable asthma, unstable asthma, and healthy controls. PLS-DA analysis results for all 3 groups of children. A, Scaled and centered metabolite differences between groups shown in the coefficients of variation plot. B, Three-dimensional separation among healthy controls (squares), outpatient asthma (open circles), and asthma exacerbation (triangles; R2 = 0.74; Q2 = 0.61). Error bars represent 95% CIs. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2011 127, 757-764.e6DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.1077) Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Comparing the concentrations of one metabolite through subjects of 2 groups. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2011 127, 757-764.e6DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.1077) Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions