Aquaculture: part of the problem or part of the solution? CĂtĂlin PLATON ROMFISH – Romanian Association of Fish Producers

Romanian hydrological network Hydrographical network Sustainable Aquaculture Workshop, 20th/21th May 2014, Vienna 5/20/2014

Theoretical water potential Source km3/yr Surface waters 128,124 Inland rivers 40,424 Danube 87,7 Underground waters 12,224 TOTAL 140,348 Source: Romanian Waters National Administration – National Plan for Hydrographic Basins Development –synthesis – revised in February 2013 Sustainable Aquaculture Workshop, 20th/21th May 2014, Vienna 5/20/2014

Surface water uses Type of use 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 km3 % Households 1,23 23,13 1,16 21,24 1,13 16,23 1,12 15,51 1,04 15,14 Industry 3,63 68,36 3,77 69,04 4,75 68,24 5,01 69,39 4,66 67,83 agriculture 0,45 8,47 0,53 9,710 1,08 1,07 14,93 1,17 17,03 Source: Romanian Waters National Administration – National Plan for Hydrographic Basins Development –synthesis – revised in February 2013 Sustainable Aquaculture Workshop, 20th/21th May 2014, Vienna 5/20/2014

Surface waters 4864 rivers (72,2% with a catchment area >101 sq.km), 115000 km permanent rivers 3450 natural lakes with 2620 sq.km, out of which only 118 lakes with more than 50 ha 1232 artificial lakes out of which 230 are important 67 hydropower 5 used for one purpose other than hydro power or flood prevention (ex. power plants) 39 used for two purposes other than flood prevention (ex. waterway transport, irrigations, potable water) 119 used for more than two purposes (ex. fish farming, flood prevention, irrigations) Source: Romanian Waters National Administration – National Plan for Hydrographic Basins Development –synthesis – revised in February 2013 Sustainable Aquaculture Workshop, 20th/21th May 2014, Vienna 5/20/2014

Fish production Source: National Agency for Fishing and Aquaculture, 2014 Sustainable Aquaculture Workshop, 20th/21th May 2014, Vienna 5/20/2014

Inland waters commercial fishing Source: National Agency for Fishing and Aquaculture, 2014 Sustainable Aquaculture Workshop, 20th/21th May 2014, Vienna 5/20/2014

Aquaculture Production Source: National Agency for Fishing and Aquaculture, 2014 Sustainable Aquaculture Workshop, 20th/21th May 2014, Vienna 5/20/2014

Fish farming infrastructure 39 900 ha ponds and pools 15 222 ha dam lakes and reservoirs 34 622 ha local communities in Danube Delta 70 ha for trout 98 232 ha TOTAL Source: National Agency for Fishing and Aquaculture, 2014 Sustainable Aquaculture Workshop, 20th/21th May 2014, Vienna 5/20/2014

Reservoirs Ownership Payment pattern Fish stock management Only natural feed Yield 100 -200 kg/ha Low control over the water level on harvest time Multipurpose Environmental friendly Sustainable Aquaculture Workshop, 20th/21th May 2014, Vienna 5/20/2014

Dam Lakes Ownership Payment pattern Semi-intensive technology, Polyculture Cages, monoculture Yield – 300 – 700 kg/ha or 25 kg/m3 Local inputs Multipurpose Environmental friendly Sustainable Aquaculture Workshop, 20th/21th May 2014, Vienna 5/20/2014

Pools Ownership Payment patterns Semi-intensive Polyculture Yield – 300 – 700 kg/ha Local resources input Multipurpose Environmental friendly Sustainable Aquaculture Workshop, 20th/21th May 2014, Vienna 5/20/2014

Pond fish farming Ownership Payment patterns Polyculture Supplementary feed based on local cereals production Formulated feed for juveniles and first summers old Yield – 500 to 1200 kg/ha Multipurpose Environmental friendly Sustainable Aquaculture Workshop, 20th/21th May 2014, Vienna 5/20/2014

Water Framework Directive art. 9 Article 9 - Recovery of costs for water services Member States shall take account of the principle of recovery of the costs of water services, including environmental and resource costs, having regard to the economic analysis conducted according to Annex III, and in accordance in particular with the polluter pays principle. Member States shall ensure by 2010: - that water-pricing policies provide adequate incentives for users to use water resources efficiently, and thereby contribute to the environmental objectives of this Directive, - an adequate contribution of the different water uses, disaggregated into at least industry, households and agriculture, to the recovery of the costs of water services, based on the economic analysis conducted according to Annex III and taking account of the polluter pays principle. Sustainable Aquaculture Workshop, 20th/21th May 2014, Vienna 5/20/2014

Water services ‘Water services’ means all services which provide, for households, public institutions or any economic activity: (a) abstraction, impoundment, storage, treatment and distribution of surface water or groundwater, (b) waste-water collection and treatment facilities which subsequently discharge into surface water. Sustainable Aquaculture Workshop, 20th/21th May 2014, Vienna 5/20/2014

Surface Water Quality Status 64% of all Surface Water Bodies in Romania have been assessed as being at good or better ecological status. Only less than 2% of the SWBs are assessed as being of poor or bad ecological status. For over 93% of Romania’s SWBs are assessed as being of good chemical status and only less than 7% being of poor chemical status 15 % of the total number of Water Bodies being designated as Heavily Modified, while for the Artificial only 3%. (3rd WFD implementation report – European Commission – COM /2012/670) RAMSAR Convention covers 843700 ha (3,54%) of the national territory Sustainable Aquaculture Workshop, 20th/21th May 2014, Vienna 5/20/2014

Natura 2000 Network Sustainable Aquaculture Workshop, 20th/21th May 2014, Vienna 5/20/2014

Major benefits of pond fish farming Semi-intensive technologies with local inputs Multitrophic species management Job creation in rural areas Integrated with local agriculture and husbandry Surface water nutrient loading used as natural productivity Multipurpose infrastructure (angling, tourism, flood protection, irrigation, water reserves, hunting, environmental research potential) Increasing the land value Generates wetlands and biodiversity Landscape value Sustainable Aquaculture Workshop, 20th/21th May 2014, Vienna 5/20/2014

Aquaculture Ecosystem Approach Principles Ecological well being Human well being Governance Sustainable Aquaculture Workshop, 20th/21th May 2014, Vienna 5/20/2014

Ecological well being Farming system Ecosystem effects Production inputs Site location Management practices Ecosystem effects Biodiversity effects Water quality External drivers (droughts, floods) Sustainable Aquaculture Workshop, 20th/21th May 2014, Vienna 5/20/2014

Human well being Conflict and access rights (user rights conflicts) Economic factors (employment, investments, marketing) Inadequate skills Capacity building dialogue (community attitude, stakeholders involvement) Benefits (productive and non-productive benefits sharing) Sustainable Aquaculture Workshop, 20th/21th May 2014, Vienna 5/20/2014

Governance Lack of political will (centralization, lack of support, lack of certification) Intersectoral conflicts (conflicts between sectors, strong centralization) Knowledge (lack of communication, awareness, training, human resources and of Best Management Practices ) Infrastructure (lack of accesibility, of road infrastructure, of facilities) Compliance (weak implementation, lack of incentives) Sustainable Aquaculture Workshop, 20th/21th May 2014, Vienna 5/20/2014

Conclusions Aquaculture, and especially traditional fish farming needs an ecosystem based approach in terms of WFD and NATURA2000 Directives and must be considered part of the solution Research should be supported also in extensive and semi-intensive fish farms Regulations should be specific Fish farmers should be involved in consultations, dissemination Knowledge transfer to and from fish farming sector Sustainable Aquaculture Workshop, 20th/21th May 2014, Vienna 5/20/2014

Thank you for your patience! A.N.P.P. ROMFISH Calea Chişinăului 43, Pav. Adm., et. 3 Iaşi, România email: asromfish@gmail.com www.romfish.ro Sustainable Aquaculture Workshop, 20th/21th May 2014, Vienna 5/20/2014