The Cold War

Origins of the Cold War Distrust and dislike: Soviets rejected religion and private property (this means money) Soviets believed in overthrowing noncommunist governments Soviets feared American military power and a rebuilt Germany Broken promises: No free elections in Soviet occupied territory like they had promised. Soviets established satellite (puppet) nations in Eastern Europe

Iron Curtain

Iron Curtain The line of Soviet controlled communist nations in Eastern Europe from the Baltics to the Mediterranean The “Iron Curtain” was first suggested by Winston Churchill Communism even started to spread even into Western Europe (Italy and Greece)

1. Why did the Cold War occur? Capitalism and communism were too similar Stalin did not keep his promises of free elections after World War 2 Neither the US nor the Soviet Union were strong enough All of the above None of the above

2. What was the “Iron Curtain?” The division between the US and the Soviet Union near Alaska and Siberia The wall in Germany that separated East and West Germany The line of American controlled nations in Europe The line of Soviet controlled nations in Europe from the Baltics to the Mediterranean.

US Response to Communism (Truman) Containment: Stop communism from spreading peacefully if possible. Truman Doctrine: Stop communism using economic aid ($400 million to Turkey and Greece in 1947) Marshall Plan: $12 billion to aid Western European governments in order to stop the threat of communist revolutions

3. How did Truman try to stop communism? He ordered invasions of communist nations B. He supported the policy of containment to stop communism from spreading C. He refused to support any European nation after World War 2 and supported isolationism D. He tried to open negotiations with Stalin

4. What did the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan have in common? Both were designed to help European nations recover from World War 2 Both sent money to struggling European nations Both were designed to stop the spread of communism All of the above None of the above

Read and find out: What was the crisis in Berlin? Berlin Crisis: click below! https://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/berlin-airlift Read and find out: What was the crisis in Berlin? Figure out: How was it solved?

Crisis over Berlin After the war Germany and the city of Berlin were divided into 4 sections (British, American, French and Soviets) Berlin was surrounded by communist East Germany (controlled by the Soviets) The US, Britain and France wanted to reunite Germany Stalin (Soviet leader) feared this. In 1948 he blockaded Berlin by closing roads, railways and rivers.

Berlin Crisis – How was war avoided? Berlin Airlift: to avoid war Truman had hundreds of planes carry supplies to Berlin every day for over a year. May 1949 Stalin canceled the blockade. The US, Britain and France formed democratic West Germany. Many people left East Germany through Berlin Result: Berlin Wall: built by the Soviets in 1961 to stop people from escaping East Germany. Became a symbol of communism, oppression and the Cold War.

What was the crisis in Berlin? The Soviet Union built the Berlin Wall. The United States built a blockade around Berlin to unite Germany Stalin blockaded Berlin to stop the democratic nations from reuniting Germany The Soviets attacked the Americans in Berlin leading to a quasi war

How was the Berlin Crisis resolved? President Truman organized the Berlin Airlift to get supplies to the people of West Berlin The Soviets built the Berlin Wall The Americans and Soviets agreed to the Treaty of Berlin The Germany was reunified

7. What was a result of the crisis in Berlin? Stalin set up a blockade Germany was reunited immediately The Berlin Wall was built to stop people from leaving East Berlin The United States abandoned containment

Find out about the Cold War at home: http://web3. unt Find out: How did the Cold War impact America at home? Figure out: What controversies occurred because of the Cold War?

Democracy vs. Communism = New Alliances They created alliances! NATO the North Atlantic Treaty Organization: Democracies agreed to help the US defend against Soviet attacks The Warsaw Pact – Soviet controlled group of nations. The Soviets controlled these nations and forced them to follow the same policies. Both alliances promised to protect the other nations in case of war The United Nations was supposed to be neutral and help settle disputes.

1949 – A Year of Shocks 1. Soviets successfully tested their first atomic bomb. Creating the threat of a nuclear World War 3. 2. Mao Zedong and his communist followers won the Chinese Civil War. More fear and panic spread in the US. People began to believe in the domino theory = Communism would spread throughout Asia!

Fear and Panic in America Fear of nuclear war led to bomb shelters and drills in schools. Ethel and Julius Rosenberg were charged with and convicted of selling atomic secrets to the Soviets. Both were executed even though they (and their children) claimed they were innocent. Senator McCarthy began his “witch hunt” for communists in America.

8. Why was 1949 a year of shocks? China became democratic Germany was reunified The Soviets got the atomic bomb All of the above None of the above

9. How did the spread of communism impact America at home? McCarthy started his witch hunt for communists Daily life stayed the same, but the government built more weapons People were forced to ration and plan victory gardens People of Russian decent were put into concentration camps

10. Who were the Rosenbergs? The couple that brought back valuable information about communism to America A married couple that was accused of being spies and executed by the US government. C. They were accused of being communists by McCarthy D. The diplomats that helped negotiate the NATO alliance