After School Review Commack High School Mapping After School Review Commack High School
Never eat shredded wheat! Latitude & Longitude Cardinal Directions Never eat shredded wheat! North South East West K. Corbisiero 2010
North or South of the equator Equator is 0° and Poles are 90° Latitude Horizontal lines North or South of the equator Equator is 0° and Poles are 90° Latitude is based on the altitude of Polaris (Northern hemisphere only) Polaris is the North Star K. Corbisiero 2010
Equatorial and polar views: Latitude Equatorial and polar views: K. Corbisiero 2010
Equatorial and polar views: Latitude Equatorial and polar views: K. Corbisiero 2010
Latitude Draw the 30S latitude line through Birdsville. K. Corbisiero 2010
CAN NOT Polaris (North Star) Altitude of Polaris equals your latitude in the Northern Hemisphere At latitude 0°, Polaris’ altitude is 0°. At 90°N, Polaris’ altitude is 90° You ___________ see Polaris from the Southern Hemisphere! CAN NOT K. Corbisiero 2010
20°N Polaris (North Star) What is the latitude of the observer below? __________ 20°N K. Corbisiero 2010
East or West of the Prime Meridian Longitude Vertical Lines East or West of the Prime Meridian Prime Meridian is 0°, International Date Line is 180°. Longitude is based on observations of the Sun and gives us time zones K. Corbisiero 2010
Equatorial and polar views: Longitude Equatorial and polar views: K. Corbisiero 2010
Equatorial and polar views: Longitude Equatorial and polar views: K. Corbisiero 2010
Longitude Draw a line for the longitude of the X below. K. Corbisiero 2010
Compare Latitude & Longitude Latitude Slices Longitude Wedges
Coordinates Writing Coordinates Latitude is ALWAYS written first! Must include the hemisphere! Longitude Direction spells WE across the Prime Meridian. K. Corbisiero 2010
Determine the coordinates of the following locations: Northridge ____________________ Bakersfield ____________________ San Diego ____________________ 34°N,118.5°W 35.5°N,119°W 32.5°N,117.5°W K. Corbisiero 2010
North West
Use page 3 of your ESRT’s to determine the coordinates: Mt. Marcy ____________________ Niagara Falls ____________________ 44°05’N,73°58’W 43°10’N,79°01’W K. Corbisiero 2010
Syracuse, NY Slide Mountain Riverhead, NY Reading Coordinates - Pages 3, 4, & 5 ESRT’s Write the names of the following locations using NYS map: 43°05’N, 76°05’W ___________________ 42°N, 74°25’W ___________________ 40°55’N, 72°40’W ___________________ Syracuse, NY Slide Mountain Riverhead, NY K. Corbisiero 2010
NE NW SW SE
Tasman Hot Spot Hawaii Hot Spot Galapagos Hot Spot Name the following locations using your ESRT’s (pg 5): 35°S, 160°E ________________________ 20°N, 155°W ________________________ 0°, 98°W ________________________ Tasman Hot Spot Hawaii Hot Spot Galapagos Hot Spot K. Corbisiero 2010
On the diagram, place an X at 15S, 30W. K. Corbisiero 2010
Time Zones Solar Noon – Sun reaches highest altitude in the sky. Points on same line of longitude have same solar time. Local Time – the time for a specific area or location. Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) – the time at the Prime Meridian. Rate of Rotation = 15°/hr – Earth rotates 360° in 24 hrs. Every 15° = 1 hour Move left, time decreases Move right, time increases K. Corbisiero 2010
11 p.m. 12 Noon Time Zones in the US: When it is 1 a.m. in NYC what time is it in Denver? __________________ When it is 10 a.m. in San Francisco what time is it in Dallas? __________________ NOTE: Never write 12 a.m. or p.m.!! Only write 12 noon or 12 midnight! 11 p.m. 12 Noon K. Corbisiero 2010
If it is 4 p.m. at point B, what time is it at point A? __________ If it was 3 a.m. at point A, what time would it be at point B? _____________ 12 Noon 7 a.m. K. Corbisiero 2010
Isolines Isolines connect points of equal value. Isolines never cross! They can be: temperature (isotherms), pressure (isobars), elevation (contour lines), and any value that can be mapped. All higher values are on one side of the line, all lower values are on the other. Intervals (what they increase by) can vary. Lines should always be drawn to the edge of the map. K. Corbisiero 2010
Draw the isoline for the depth of the water at an interval of 10 feet starting with 10. K. Corbisiero 2010
Calculating Gradient Equation Page 1 ESRT’s Field Value will be whatever the isolines represent (if there are any). Use whatever diagram they provide to you. Use the map scale to determine the distance. K. Corbisiero 2010
= 10 ft/mile Gradient = change in field distance = 16,000 ft- 8000 ft Calculate the gradient between points A & D of the ocean floor: Gradient = change in field distance = 16,000 ft- 8000 ft 900 miles – 100 miles = 10 ft/mile K. Corbisiero 2010
= .016 mb/km 4 mb 981 mb 1023 mb Gradient = G = change in field Calculate the pressure gradient between points A and B below: Gradient = What is the pressure interval? ________________ G = change in field distance = 1016 mb – 1000mb 1000 km = .016 mb/km 4 mb What is the lowest possible pressure in the center of the low pressure system? ______________________ What is the highest possible pressure in the center of the high pressure system? ______________ 981 mb 1023 mb K. Corbisiero 2010
Topographic Maps A topographic map is a 2-D representation of a 3-D surface area. K. Corbisiero 2010
East Streams – two ways to determine direction it flows: . Always flow from high to low elevation 2. Contour lines bend upstream, flow is opposite. What direction are the two rivers flowing? East K. Corbisiero 2010
West Steepness of slope: Closer lines = steeper Which side of the mountain is steeper, East or West? West K. Corbisiero 2010
60 Depressions are shown using hachure marks. The first hachure is always the same value as the line before it. 60 K. Corbisiero 2010
Profiles – a side view Line a piece of paper up along D-E Be sure D is on the left! Mark a spot on the paper starting at D and ending at E, where each contour line hits it. Label the elevation at each mark. Streams do NOT count as a mark! NOTE: profiles can go up, down (or both), and can go below the surface (underwater) x K. Corbisiero 2010
10 meters West . What is the elevation at point A? ______________ . What direction is Amethyst River flowing? ______________ West K. Corbisiero 2010
M & N M & N has steeper slope . Is copper creek flowing faster between points M & N or K & L? ___________________________ . How do you know? _________________________ M & N M & N has steeper slope K. Corbisiero 2010
. Is the East or West side of the island steeper? __________________ . What is the highest elevation of the island? __________________ East 29 meters K. Corbisiero 2010
. What is the lowest elevation of the depression? _______ . What is the index line interval? __________________ 1 meter 50 meters K. Corbisiero 2010
= 20 m/km 9. Determine the gradient between points B and C. G = change in field distance = 50 m – 10 m 2 km = 20 m/km K. Corbisiero 2010
The End