Founding the 13 Colonies

Section 1 English defeat of the Spanish Armada ended Spanish control of the seas Mercantilism – the theory that a nation’s power depends on its wealth (initial reason for establishing colonies) Roanoke – first attempt at English settlement; failed No clues to their fate…. settlement deserted

Jamestown In April 1607, settlers sent by the Virginia Company founded Jamestown. no gold nor did they establish the fish or fur trading Captain John Smith governed the colonists. harsh winter took its toll

Relations with Native Americans improved when John Rolfe married Pocahontas representative government in which men elected representatives, or burgesses, to an assembly (made local laws) Virginia House of Burgesses – 1st representative government

1619 ninety women (increase population) twenty Africans; sold to Virginia planters to work in the tobacco fields.

Virginia Company -faced financial problems King James of England canceled charter and made Jamestown first royal colony in America.

Section 2 Religious freedom Pilgrims – left for New World; religious purpose The Mayflower carried pilgrims to the New World

Landed at Plymouth, Massachusetts Mayflower Compact - provide laws to live by; beginning of a democratic government in America

1629 - Massachusetts Bay Colony; located north of Plymouth. settled in Boston; John Winthrope, governor. 1630s - Great Migration more than 15,000 came to escape religious persecution/economic difficulties

Puritans, persecuted those with different beliefs. led to formation of new settlements. 1636-Thomas Hooker founded Hartford (Connecticut) adopted the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut - first written constitution in America.

Roger Williams - minister, established Rhode Island; religious toleration 1638 - John Wheelwright founded New Hampshire

Section 3 Two groups of colonies Charter colonies; run by private corporations ( Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, and Rhode Island) Royal colonies; run by England (They were Maryland and Virginia)

England wanted Dutch-controlled land between two groups of colonies; harbor and river trade. 1644 - English attack New Amsterdam The governor, Peter Stuyvesant, was unprepared, surrendered the colony. The Duke of York gained control; named it New York 1702 – New Jersey became Royal Colony

1701 – William Penn (Quaker) founded Pennsylvania Religious experiment; designed Philadelphia and wrote first constitution

Section 4 Many settlers came voluntarily Others were indentured servants Some were seized and brought as slaves.

1632 - Maryland proprietary colony Sir George Calvert, Lord Baltimore, wanted safe place for Catholics, and to get rich. plantations grew

1670 - King Charles II founded Carolina The English philosopher John Locke wrote their constitution.

1733 - James Oglethorpe founded Georgia British debtors and poor people military barrier from Spain

French settlements in the Americas Mainly there to hunt and for fur trade Good relationship with Native Americans New Spain Spain had a large empire in Mexico, the Caribbean, Central, and South America called New Spain. To keep control; sent soldiers, missionaries, and settlers