KEY CONCEPT During meiosis, sex cells are produced.

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Presentation transcript:

KEY CONCEPT During meiosis, sex cells are produced.

Important Vocabulary: Gametes - sex cells (egg & sperm) Somatic Cells – body cells (not sex cells)

Important Vocabulary: Autosomes – chromosomes that do not contain genes related to gender Sex Chromosomes – chromosomes that do contain genes related to gender ( X or Y)

Important Vocabulary: Homologous Chromosomes – two chromosomes that contain the same types of genes; one comes from mother, one comes from father homologous chromosomes from mom from dad

homologous chromosomes

Important Vocabulary: Diploid (2n) – the cell has 2 copies of each chromosome Haploid (n) – (half) the cell has only 1 copy of each chromosome

Cells go through two rounds of division in meiosis – MEIOSIS I and MEIOSIS II Meiosis reduces chromosome number by HALF and creates genetic diversity.

Meiosis I and Meiosis II each have four phases, similar to those in mitosis. Meiosis I: Pairs of homologous chromosomes separate - Meiosis II: Sister chromatids separate

Meiosis I occurs after DNA has been replicated (Interphase). Meiosis I divides homologous chromosomes in four phases.

Crossing-over occurs during Prophase I…this ensures genetic diversity in each offspring

Meiosis II divides sister chromatids in four phases. (DNA is not replicated again between meiosis I and meiosis II.)

Meiosis differs from mitosis in significant ways. Meiosis has two cell divisions while mitosis has one. In mitosis, homologous chromosomes never pair up. Meiosis results in haploid cells; mitosis results in diploid cells.

Haploid cells develop into mature gametes. Gametogenesis is the production of gametes. Gametogenesis differs between females and males. Sperm become streamlined and motile. Sperm primarily contribute DNA to an embryo. Eggs contribute DNA, cytoplasm, and organelles to an embryo. During meiosis, the egg gets most of the contents; the other cells form polar bodies.