Chapter 4.1 New England: Commerce & Religion A painting of a French seaport from 1638, at the height of mercantilism, by Claude Lorrain.
centers of colonial trade (Triangular Trade) 1. Subsistence farming 3. Shipbuilding Meet needs of family Very important* Entire family worked (farming and/or hand- made items to use New England Long winters & thin, rocky soil made large scale farming difficult Lumber from the region Coastal towns became centers of colonial trade (Triangular Trade) 2. Small businesses 4. Fishing & whaling (numerous small towns) Commercial fishing Water power mills Skilled craftspeople Harvest whales for oil & whalebone Shop keepers
New England Shipyard
New England Shipyard Some yards build up to 12 ships a year . . .
Whaling . . .
Whaling . . .
Boston harbor & seaport . . .
Decline of the Puritan Religion & power And what ever happened to the Puritans? Decline of the Puritan Religion & power 3. Focus on material wealth 1.non-Puritan immigrants 2.Political changes (others had rights) The Puritan Legacy work ethic education opposed royal power support representative gov’t voting on community decisions
6. New York & Philadelphia 5. Cash crops 7. Businesses New York & Pennsylvania grew large quantities of grains Home-based crafts Middle Colonies Enjoyed more fertile soil & a slightly milder climate Mills, mines, ironworks Sold in/out of the colonies Small-scale manufacturing 6. New York & Philadelphia 8. Immigrants Very busy seaports diverse Two of largest cities in America Unique skills & knowledge Very successful farmers, craftsmen, & business
Trip across the Atlantic Puritans Part of Triangular Trade 10. Tobacco & Rice Sold on world markets 9. Plantations 11. Growth of slavery very labor intensive Planters (owners) West Africa origins Became major part of colonial economy Large farms that grew cash crops Southern Colonies Had rich soil & a warm climate well suited for certain kinds of farming A small village Used slave labor 12. The Middle Passage 14. Critics of Slavery 13. The Life of the Slave Trip across the Atlantic Puritans Part of Triangular Trade Most did field work Quakers & Mennonites Overseers Terrible conditions Began a debate Slave codes Sold at slave markets