Issues and Fields in Psychology

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Presentation transcript:

Issues and Fields in Psychology

What is Psychology? Definition: the science of behavior and mental processes Psychologists: Ph.D, Psy.D, can’t prescribe medication Psychiatrists: M.D, can prescribe medication

What is Psychology? Historical Bases: Biology and Philosophy One of the first psychological ideas was phrenology – bumps in the head reveal mental abilities and character traits (not true, obviously)

So you like psychology… what can you do with it? Biological (neuro)Psychologist Examines workings of the brain, nerves, body, sensations Cognitive Psychologist Studies higher level brain processes like language, thinking

Experimental Psychologist Conducts research studies to further psychological knowledge base Basic Research: aims to increase the scientific knowledge base Applied Research: aims to solve practical problems

Applied V. Basic Research Basic Research explores questions that you may be curious about, but not intended to be immediately used. Applied Research has clear, practical applications. YOU CAN USE IT!!! Studying how kissing changes when you get older is interesting…but that’s about it. Research on therapies for drug addicts has a clear purpose.

Other Fields Personality Psychologist Study of how people differ from one another Clinical and Counseling Psychologist Study and treatment of psychological disorders

Other Fields Social Psychologist Study of how people influence one another and group behavior Industrial and Organizational (I/O) Psychologist Study of psychological principles in industry and business

Other Fields Forensic Psychologist Evolutionary Psychologist Studies legal issues, criminal minds, insanity Evolutionary Psychologist Identifies behavior patterns that are a result of genetic ancestors

Other Fields Environmental Psychologist Cross-cultural Psychologist Studies relationships between people and their physical environments Cross-cultural Psychologist Investigates similarities and differences in psychological functioning among ethnicities

Other Fields Sports Psychologist Applies psychology to sports and exercise, motivation, and social aspects of sports Growing Field!!

Enduring Issues in Psych “Nurture works on what nature endows…” Enduring Issues in Psych Nature-Nurture Is behavior caused by factors inside the person or outside? Genetics–Environment Stability–Change People remain unchanged vs. change Diversity-Universality How are we different vs. the same

Positive Psychology This is a relatively new field of science that studies happiness and well-being. Looks at how people can become happier and more fulfilled, and what happens when they do.

It is an applied science that examines optimal human functioning and creates interventions for developing positive, healthy, thriving individuals, relationships, and institutions.

Psychologists have traditionally focused on people with mental illness or other psychological problems, and on how to care for them.

Positive psychology aims to understand mental health as opposed to mental illness. It is concerned with making people’s lives more fulfilling, and encourages practices that can increase happiness and satisfaction.