By Kyasama Peter [Uganda] Steen [Denmark] HOW UNITED NATIONS PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS FUNCTION By Kyasama Peter [Uganda] Steen [Denmark]

Components of UN POKs Support Substantive Director of Mission Support/ Chief Mission of Support (DMS/CMSA) Special Rep of the SG or Head of Mission (SRSG/HOM) Mission Mandate Beneficiaries Integrated Support Services Chief of Staff (COS) Deputy SRSG/Deputy HOM Deputy SRSG/Resident Coordinator Admin Services Substantive Components Safety & Security Provides services to Provides services to

Authority, Command & Control in UN Peacekeeping Operations Security Council Secretary-General Strategic UN Secretariat Under-Security-General DPKO Head of Mission Mission Headquaters & Leadership Team Operational Components Heads Civilian Units Tactical Military Units Police Units Regional Offices

Authority, Command & Control in UN Peacekeeping Operations Exercises „operational authority over all civilian, military and police personal in a PKO Special Representative of The Secretary-General (SRSG) in multi-dimensional PKOs (usually civilian) May also Head of Military Component in traditional peacekeeping operations (a senior Military officer) Head of Mission Mission Headquaters & Leadership Team Components Heads Civilian Units Military Units Police Units Regional Offices

Other Positions of Authority Head of Mission (HOM) Head of Military Component (HOMC) Head of Police Component (HOPC) Exercise „UN Operational Control“ May delegated „UN Tactical Control“ of military personal to subordinate military commanders May also be HOM in tradional Missions Exercices „UN Operational Control“ May delegated specific authority for individual officers & FPUs to subordinate police officers Normally appointed as the mission Police Commissioner (PC)

Key Civilian Authority Positions Director or Chief of Mission Support (DMS or CMS) - Responsible for ensuring provision of the nessary logistics and administrativ support to the mission The Chief of Staff (COS) - performs a senior level staff and advisory function for the HOM and the senior management of the mission - E.g. Integrated management and coordination of mission activities, policy and planning

Management Structures Senior Management Group (SMG) Mission Leadership Team (MLT) SRSG / HOM COS DSRSG / HC / RC HOPC DSRSG HOMC DMS / CMS Political Electoral Civil Affairs Human Rights Safety & Security Spokes person Legal Affairs Public Information

All peacekeeping personnel must have a basic understanding of The important contribution of each component and function within a mission The main tasks of the different components and functions in a mission and how/when to help each other in achieving the mandate The different national, institutional or professional cultures within the mission Military Civilian Police

The Military Component In traditional peacekeeping operations: - monitor or supervise military arrangements that parties to a conflict have agreed upon In multi-dimensional peasekeeping operations: - create a secure and stable enviroment for other elements of the peace process to be implemented - e.g. Human rights monitoring, national reconciliation and distribution of humanitarian assistance

3 Main Categories of Military Personnel in PKO Formed Military Units or Contingents Military Experts on Mission Staff Officers in Mission e.g. Military Observers Mil. Liason Officers Military Advisior Arms Minitors Specialized Functions at Mission force HQ or in joint mission structures e.g. Companies Battalions Brigades

The UN Police Component (UNPOL) Play a critical role in establishing public safety and preventing crimes, as well as facilitating the ROL law. Collaborate closely with civilian components such as human rights, judicial and civil affairs and corrections. Either deployed as: Individual UN Police Officer Formed Police Units (FPUs) or

The Civilian Components Substantive Components: Limited number in traditional PKOs Many substantive components in multi-dimensional PKOs - e.g. Political affairs, civil affairs, human rights, gender, public information etc. Support Components: - Provide necessary logistics and administrative support

UN Field Mission Service Provision Director of Mission Support Chief of Mission Support Special Representative of the Secretary-General Or Head of Mission Mission Mandate Beneficaries Integrated Support Service Movement Control Transport Engineering Joint Logistics Operations Centre (JLOC) Communication and Information Technology CITS Aviation Section Supply Section Admininstrativ Services Finance Office Medical Unit Procurement General Service Unit Chief of Staff COS Deputy SRSG Deputy HOM Deputy SRSG Res Coordinator Human Rights Civil Affairs Office of the Spokesperson Military POLICE Legal Affairs Off Joint Military Committee Office Political Affairs Laison Officer Role of Law Gender Return, Recovery Reintegration D D R HIV / AIDS Protection Safety and Security Mine Action Electoral Affairs Publ. Information Office Support Joint Mission Analysis Centre Field Office Joint Operations Centre Substantive Provide Service To Provide Service To 13

Functions and Activities Within a Multi-dimensional PKMission Civilian Substantive Developing Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration (DDR) programs with military, humanitarian, and development partners Electoral assistance Gender mainstreaming Justice and corrections Mine action assistance Public relations and communications Building human rights and rule of law Capacity building of the host country government Support to emergence of legitimate political institutions and participatory processes

Functions and Activities Within a Multi-dimensional PKMission Civilian Mission Support Administrative services Ensuring health and safety of mission personnel Communications Financial support: preparation and execution of mission budget, paying staff and vendors Logistical support to all components Recruitment, training, and career development Monitoring mission compliance with local laws an respect for UN privileges and immunities and statusofforces or statusofmission agreement

Functions and Activities Within a Multi-dimensional PKMission Military Security Sector Provision of a secure environment, through: O Conducting patrols o Establishing and operating checkpoints o Securing major routes to facilitate mobility o Securing key facilities (hospitals, power plants, police recruiting stations, etc.)

Functions and Activities Within a Multi-dimensional PKMission Police Restoration of rule of law Reform of host country police services Vetting, training, and mentoring of host country police Providing public order and responding to public security challenges, through: o Static guard and close protection duties for dignitaries o Preventive patrols and checkpoints o Tactical support for highrisk operations o Security for demonstrations Provision of executive policing (in the absence of an established national police framework)

Joint or Integrated Structures Integrated Support Services (ISS): - Provides logistics support to all mission components Joint Operations Centre (JLOC): only in PKing operations with military logistics units Joint Mission Analysis Centre (JMAC): - Assists HOM to gather and analyse information on threats to mandate implementation Joint Operational Centres (JOC): - Assists HOM to remain aware of operational situation in mission area

Conclusion As you will not only work with hundreds or even thousands of people in the operation, you need not only understand your work, but also how it affects and is affected by the work of other components in the mission you also need to understand the authority, command and control structures which direct and guide your work as a peacekeeper. the task we have just done to enable you appreciate the system.