Inhibition of adenosine kinase attenuates interleukin-1- and lipopolysaccharide-induced alterations in articular cartilage metabolism  Raina Petrov, B.S., Melinda H. MacDonald, D.V.M., Ph.D., Anthony M. Tesch, Ph.D., Hilary P. Benton, Ph.D.  Osteoarthritis and Cartilage  Volume 13, Issue 3, Pages 250-257 (March 2005) DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2004.12.004 Copyright © 2005 OsteoArthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Percentage of total GAG content released from cartilage into explant culture medium during a 72-h incubation period in maintenance medium alone (control), with LPS (50μg/ml) alone, or with LPS in combination with adenosine (100μM), ITU (1μM), and both adenosine and ITU. Values reported represent the mean results obtained for explants from seven horses; error bars represent the s.e.m. *Significantly (P<0.05) different from values for control explants. §Significantly (P<0.05) different from values for explants incubated with LPS-alone. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2005 13, 250-257DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2004.12.004) Copyright © 2005 OsteoArthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Percentage of total GAG content released from articular cartilage into explant culture medium during a 72-h incubation period in maintenance medium alone (control), with IL-1β (10ng/ml) alone, or with IL-1β in combination with adenosine (100μM), ITU (1μM), and both adenosine and ITU. Values reported represent the mean results obtained for explants from four horses; error bars represent the s.e.m. *Significantly (P<0.05) different from values for control explants. §Significantly (P<0.05) different from values for explants incubated with IL-1β alone. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2005 13, 250-257DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2004.12.004) Copyright © 2005 OsteoArthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 NO release by cartilage explants cultured for 72h in maintenance medium alone (control), with LPS (50μg/ml) alone, or with LPS in combination with adenosine (100μM), ITU (1μM), and both adenosine and ITU. NO release was measured indirectly by use of the Griess reaction and is expressed as nanomoles of nitrite per mg of cartilage wet weight. Values reported represent the mean results obtained for explants from seven horses; error bars represent the s.e.m. *Significantly (P<0.05) different from values for control explants. §Significantly (P<0.05) different from values for explants incubated with LPS-alone. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2005 13, 250-257DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2004.12.004) Copyright © 2005 OsteoArthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 NO release by cartilage explants cultured for 72h in maintenance medium alone (control), with IL-1β (10ng/ml) alone, or with IL-1β in combination with adenosine (100μM), ITU (1μM), and both adenosine and ITU. NO release was measured indirectly and is expressed as nanomoles of nitrite per mg of cartilage wet weight. Values reported represent the mean results obtained for explants from four horses; error bars represent the s.e.m. *Significantly (P<0.05) different from values for control explants. §Significantly (P<0.05) different from values for explants incubated with IL-1β alone. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2005 13, 250-257DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2004.12.004) Copyright © 2005 OsteoArthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 PGE2 released from cartilage explants cultured for 72h in maintenance medium alone (control), with IL-1β (10ng/ml) alone, or with IL-1β in combination with adenosine (100μM), ITU (1μM), and both adenosine and ITU. PGE2 concentrations were determined using a competitive ELISA kit and are expressed as pg per mg of cartilage wet weight. Values reported represent the mean results obtained for explants from four horses; error bars represent the s.e.m. *Significantly (P<0.05) different from values for control explants. §Significantly (P<0.05) different from values for explants incubated with IL-1β alone. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2005 13, 250-257DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2004.12.004) Copyright © 2005 OsteoArthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 6 PGE2 released from cartilage explants cultured for 72h in maintenance medium alone (control), with LPS (50μg/ml) alone, or with LPS in combination with adenosine (100μM), ITU (1μM), and both adenosine and ITU. PGE2 concentrations were determined using a competitive ELISA kit and are expressed as pg per mg of cartilage wet weight. Values reported represent the mean results obtained for explants from four horses; error bars represent the s.e.m. *Significantly (P<0.05) different from values for control explants. §Significantly (P<0.05) different from values for explants incubated with LPS-alone. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2005 13, 250-257DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2004.12.004) Copyright © 2005 OsteoArthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions