Effects of epinephrine and phosphodiesterase III inhibitors on bupivacaine-induced myocardial depression in guinea-pig papillary muscle M. Azuma, M.

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Effects of epinephrine and phosphodiesterase III inhibitors on bupivacaine-induced myocardial depression in guinea-pig papillary muscle M. Azuma, M. Yamane, K. Tachibana, Y. Morimoto, O. Kemmotsu British Journal of Anaesthesia Volume 90, Issue 1, Pages 66-71 (January 2003) DOI: 10.1093/bja/aeg025 Copyright © 2003 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Effects of epinephrine, amrinone and milrinone on AP (left) and contractile force (right) for reversal of bupivacaine-induced cardiodepression. Effects of: a, epinephrine; b, amrinone; and c, milrinone; c=control; B=bupivacaine; E-1=10−7 M; E-2=5×10−7 M; A-1=5×10−4 M; A-2=10−3 M; M-1=10−5 M; M-2= 5×10−5 M. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2003 90, 66-71DOI: (10.1093/bja/aeg025) Copyright © 2003 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions