The Subjunctives.

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Presentation transcript:

The Subjunctives

IMPERFECT SUBJ. So far we met 2 tenses of the subjunctive: e.g. amarem amares amaret amaremus amaretis amarent infinitive + ending!

PLUPERFECT SUBJ. e.g. amavissem amavisses amavisset amavissemus amavissetis amavissent

The Uses of the Subjunctive CUM – sentences: cum: „when“ e.g. cum rem confecissent, abierunt. When they had finished the job, they went away.

2. indirect questions: e.g. cognoscere voluimus, cur multitudo convenisset. We wanted to know, why the crowd had gathered. equites feminas rogaverunt, num fugitivos conspexissent. The horsemen asked the women, if/whether they had seen the fugitives.

3. purpose clauses / UT - sentences ut: „in order to“, „in order that“ e.g. pugionem rapui, ut magistrum interficerem. I stole a dagger in order to kill the teacher.

4. result clauses / UT - sentences ut: „(so) that“ e.g. tam diligenter carcerem custodivi ut legatus me laudaret. I guarded the prison so carefully that the officer praised me.

mixed uses of the subjunctive mercator tot statuas habuit ut eas numerare non posset. Salvius milites emisit ut Quintum inveniret. Cum Salvius Quintum invenisset, eum interficere studebat. libertus, cum venenum bibisset, mortuus procubuit.

mixed uses of the subjunctive 5. amicus me invitavit ut secum diem natalem celebrarem. 6. Agricola tam iratus erat ut dormire non posset. 7.Cogidubnus deam Sulam oravit ut morbum sanaret. 8. Salvius Agricolae persuasit ut Cogidubus hostis Romanorum esset.

mixed uses of the subjunctive 9. adeo attonitus eram, ut diu immotus starem. 10. ingens multitudo ad forum convenit, ut pompam magnificam spectarent. 11. Cum Romani castra hostium occupavissent, omnes viros feminasque interfecerunt aut in servitutem abduxerunt.

Distinguish between Pluperfect & Imperfect irrupissent interrogarent intellexissemus inesset inspexissem iter fecisses hausisset incidissemus

Distinguish between Pluperfect & Imperfect inectus esset impulsus esset bellum gererent habitaretis tulissemus lata esset exstingueretis dilexissem

Distinguish between Pluperfect & Imperfect diripuissent doceres dormirem erravissemus demonstravissetis crederes cucurissent