Sound and Waves.

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Presentation transcript:

Sound and Waves

What is sound?* Sound begins with a vibration. Sounds travel in waves through a medium.

What is a wave?* Energy is transferred through a wave. A wave is the direction and speed energy travels in back and forth or up-and-down motion. Mechanical waves- travel through a medium Electromagnetic waves- do not need a medium to travel Can you think of examples of each? Which one does this picture represent? Sound waves are mechanical because they need a medium to travel.

Mechanical Waves* Transverse Waves The motion of the medium is perpendicular to the motion of the wave Up and Down Waves Longitudinal Waves The motion of the medium is parallel to the motion of the wave Back and Forth Waves **Sound Waves**

Another View

Longitudinal Waves* Rarefaction Compression When waves are far apart When waves are close together

Transverse Waves* Crest- highest point on a wave Amplitude- Volume of a wave (height of a wave) As wave height increases, volume increases Measured in Decibels Trough- lowest point on a wave Frequency- Pitch, high or low (length of a wave) As wavelength increases, pitch decreases Measured in Hertz

Amplitude versus Frequency Which one will have the higher volume? Frequency Which one will have the higher pitch?

What can you hear? Decibels (dB): Volume Hertz (Hz): Pitch Normal Speech: 60dB Library: 40dB Close Whisper: 20dB Jet Engine: 140dB Loud Rock Music: 110dB Subway Train: 100dB Busy Street Traffic: 70dB 120dB or above usually causes pain to the ear Hertz (Hz): Pitch Young people can hear frequencies between 20-20,000 Hz Dogs can hear frequencies that range from 67-45,000 Hz As you age, your ability to hear high frequency sound decreases.

Now you will create a diagram for the parts of a wave. Use string and tape. An example is on the next slide.

Diagram of a Transverse Wave* CREST AMPLITUDE TROUGH WAVELENGTH