3 July 2019 P. 56 Complete Quick Lab p. 303 Compare and contrast:

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3 July 2019 P. 56 Complete Quick Lab p. 303 Compare and contrast: Replication, transcription, and translation P. 57 Transcription and Translation Read pp. 300-306

The Genetic Code

DNA and Chromosomes Chromosomes are made of DNA. Chromosomes contain many genes. Genes code for proteins. Those proteins determine traits. The code is written as base pairs on DNA.

Structure of DNA

Instructions for Life DNA RNA Double strand Made by replication Master plan Complete set of instructions Stays inside nucleus Contains thymine Sugar = deoxyribose mRNA Single strand Made by transcription Blueprints Instructions for making a single protein Carries “messages” out of nucleus into the cytoplasm to be translated into a protein. Contains uracil Sugar = ribose

3 Types of RNA

mRNA Messenger RNA Blueprints for building proteins out of amino acids Take “messages” from DNA to the rest of the cell, outside the nucleus. Single strand U instead of T

rRNA Ribosomal RNA Ribosomes use the instructions from mRNA to assemble amino acids into proteins. Ribosomes are made of proteins and rRNA.

tRNA Transfer RNA Brings the needed amino acids to the ribosome for assembly; like a Taxi for amino acids.

Transcription Making mRNA from DNA RNA made in nucleus Then RNA leaves nucleus to find ribosome

Translation Making polypeptides [proteins] from mRNA Also called protein synthesis

Quick Quiz What happens during: Replication Transcription Translation ?????

Replication Makes copies of DNA. Happens in nucleus.

Transcription Makes mRNA from DNA. Happens in nucleus.

Translation Makes polypeptides [proteins] from mRNA Also called protein synthesis Happens in cytoplasm

Proteins are made by joining amino acids into long chains called polypeptides.

Three consecutive base pairs on a strand of mRNA are called a codon; these code for a specific amino acid.

Before Translation Begins A strand of mRNA must be transcribed in the nucleus and released into the cytoplasm

Translation Begins when mRNA attaches to a ribosome As codons move through ribosome, tRNA brings the proper amino acid to be attached to the growing polypeptide chain

tRNA has amino acid on one end and anticodon on other Anticodon on tRNA bonds to the codon on mRNA strand Anticodon Codon

As tRNA brings new amino acids, the ribosome joins them together building a polypeptide

The process continues as the ribosome moves along the mRNA strand joining new amino acids to the polypeptide until it reaches a stop codon and the polypeptide breaks away.

IAN LHP Complete Quick Lab p. 303 Compare and contrast: Replication, transcription, and translation