3,2,1 . . .Blast off! Please get out your Obj #1&2 for a stamp Please pass back the updated unit calendar and read the board.

Without greenhouse effect, Earth would be as cold as the moon.

The Greenhouse effect Solar radiation in with shorter wavelengths Converted to infrared energy at surface with longer wavelength Infrared energy trapped by greenhouse gases Emphasize that radiant energy has MANY wavelengths – UV, visible, near infrared. Kids think it’s just UV. Not true.

Greenhouse gases CO2 Need to know sources of CO2 – burning vegetation to clear land for agriculture (mostly developing nations); power plants for electricity, cars Green house gases are those gases which can absorb the infrared wavelength coming off earth’s surface. The wavelength makes the molecule vibrate more quickly. Other gases are not affected by IR this way.

Methane CH4 (25x more heat trapping ability than CO2!) Anaerobic decomposition in landfills and rice paddies

N2O Nitrous Oxide By product of fertilizer when it’s applied to soil

Water! Can’t fight this one!

CFC’s (chlorofluorocarbons) Be careful – kids will think the ozone hole causes climate change. Not true! I wouldn’t even mention the subject unless they bring it up. Keep the stories separate

And O3

Greenhouse Warming potential Gas 2010 Concentration Global warming potential (over 100 years) Residence time in atmosphere Water vapor Variable with temperature <1 9 days CO2 390 ppm 1 Highly variable CH4 1.8 ppm 25 12 years N2O 0.3 ppm 300 114 years CFCs 0.9 ppm 1,6000 to 13,000 55 to >500 years

Atmosphere diagram – the last story! Sources on this sheet just like the others Show primary pollutants coming from each source correctly (greenhouse gases) Draw in greenhouse effect in green (get it?) You don’t have to do this part. After this, I would do the air cheer a few times.

Why are these biomes in these places? What shapes climate? Some climate basics. Temperature and precipitation shape climate. Hand out biome chart and explain homework assignment. Big concern about climate change is that existing biomes may have to shift away from equator. If they can’t shift fast enough, they may disappear. Need to review where these biomes are and what they are. AP class – we’re not going through the biomes one by one. You did that as freshmen. Use your text to fill in the chart. Quiz just on this chart on Friday.

Earth’s axis – 23o tilt = seasonality Demonstrate tilt of axis with globe and meter stick and kid as the sun

Ocean currents also affect biome distribution. Warm water floats (less dense). Warm water of Gulf Stream keeps Europe warmer than it should be given it’s latitude. Show next slide

Rome is same latitude as New York! Some climate basics. Temperature and precipitation shape climate. Hand out biome chart and explain homework assignment. Big concern about climate change is that existing biomes may have to shift away from equator. If they can’t shift fast enough, they may disappear. Need to review where these biomes are and what they are. AP class – we’re not going through the biomes one by one. You did that as freshmen. Use your text to fill in the chart. Quiz just on this chart on Friday.

El Nino Normal conditions: winds blow west, cold waters rise El Nino: winds stop blowing, warm waters in Eastern Pacific block cold waters Effects: disrupt marine ecosystems, major weather changes over 2/3 Earth

La Nina

El Nino Southern Oscillation vs. La Nina

Check for understanding Name the 6 green house gases. What human activities create CH4? Is the greenhouse effect beneficial or negative? What energy type reaches the earth from the sun?