*The inclusion of material in the Course Description and in the exam is not intended as an endorsement by the Teachers, School, College Board or ETS of the content, ideas, or values expressed in the material. The material has been selected by experienced high school and college and university instructors of psychology who serve as members of the AP Psychology Development Committee. In their judgment, the material printed here reflects the content of a typical introductory college course in psychology.

Mod. 39 – Sexual Motivation (p. 406-411) Mod. 39 – Sexual Motivation

Sexual Motivation Sex is natural. Without sex, none of us would be here. How do scientists (or you) find out about sex? YOU ASK!!!!!! Sexual Motivation

Kinsey’s Studies Confidential interviews with 18,000 people (in early 1950’s). Sexual Behavior in the Human Male and Sexual Behavior in the Human Female Scale of sexuality….0 to 6 where 0 is exclusively heterosexual and 6 homosexual and 7 is asexual. Human sexuality varies! Click on Kinsey to see the movie trailer.

Masters and Johnson Study Click on Masters and Johnson to see a more detailed explanation of their research. In the 1960’s William Masters and Virginia Johnson set out to explore the physiology of sex. 382 females and 312 males. After their research was done they ran an institute that claimed to turn gay people straight.

Mapped out the Sexual Response Cycle Initial Excitement Plateau Phase Orgasm Resolution Phase (with refractory period).

We have discussed the energizing of sexual motivation but have yet to discuss its direction: Sexual Orientation An enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one's own gender or the other gender.

How is Sexual Orientation Determined There has been NO evidence that sexuality is socially determined. Kids raised by gay parents are no more likely to be gay that if they were raised by hetero parents. Thus it is likely biologically determined.

The Brain Simon LeVay discovered that there is a cluster of cells in the hypothalamus that is larger in heterosexual men than in heterosexual women or homosexual men.

Prenatal Environment Current research seems to point to the hormonal levels in the prenatal environment. We have created homosexual male fruit flies and lesbian sheep!!!

Meyers Psychology AP Textbook Resources: The following 12 slides are the PPT notes provided by the textbook: Mod. 39 Sexual Motivation

The Physiology of Sex The Sexual Response Cycle Excitement phase Plateau phase Orgasm Resolution phase Refractory period

The Physiology of Sex Hormones and Sexual Behavior Effects of hormones Development of sexual characteristics Activate sexual behavior Estrogen Testosterone The Physiology of Sex Hormones and Sexual Behavior

The Psychology of Sex External stimuli Books, movies…and um…other stuff Imagined stimuli Dreams Sexual fantasies

Levels of Analysis for Sexual Motivation

Levels of Analysis for Sexual Motivation

Levels of Analysis for Sexual Motivation

Levels of Analysis for Sexual Motivation

Adolescent Sexuality Teen Pregnancy Ignorance 01 Minimal communication about birth control 02 Guilt related to sexual activity 03 Alcohol use 04 Mass media norms of unprotected promiscuity 05

Adolescent Sexuality Sexually Transmitted Infections Statistics of STIs Teen abstinence High intelligence Religious engagement Father presence Participation in service learning programs xxx

Sexual Orientation Sexual orientation - our enduring sexual attraction toward members of either our own sex (homosexual) or the other sex (heterosexual). Studies in both Europe and the United States suggest that about 3 to 4% of men and 1 to 2% percent of women are homosexual. 2000 U.S. Census suggests that 2.5 percent of the population is gay or lesbian. Women’s sexual orientation tends to be less strongly felt and potentially more fluid and changing than men’s. Women are somewhat more likely than men to feel and act on bisexual attractions.