Therapy of Alopecia Areata: On the Cusp and in the Future Vera H. Price  Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings  Volume 8, Issue 2, Pages 207-211 (October 2003) DOI: 10.1046/j.1087-0024.2003.00811.x Copyright © 2003 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Antigen-presenting cell (APC)–T cell interactions needed for T cell activation. The MHC complex presents a specific antigen to the T cell receptor, referred to as signal 1. Multiple interactions are needed for costimulation, referred to as signal 2. Sites of blockade of T cell activation by three biologic agents are shown. ICAM-1 indicates intracellular adhesion molecule-1; LFA, lymphocyte function-associated antigen; MHC, major histocompatibility complex; and TCR, T cell receptor. Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings 2003 8, 207-211DOI: (10.1046/j.1087-0024.2003.00811.x) Copyright © 2003 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions