Gestational Age Cohort 1 Cohort 2 E E(OS) E(OD) FU (y) IIRC (OD, OS) 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 E(OS) Cohort 1 Cohort 2 5.6 18 7.1 14.8 5.2 12.8 9.5 8.8 4.3 6.4 Spontaneous birth Induced birth Birth to first tumor months weeks 3.2 2.7 3.7 A, A C, B A, B B, A 2.8 (OS) D, A B, B E(OD) 2.4 15.5 3 1 8 9 10 4 11 13 15 17 6 2 5 7 12 14 16 19 20 21 (OU) 4.9 2.3 25 41 24 22 33 36 30 31 32 43 81 28 23 FU (y) IIRC (OD, OS) EUAs VA (OD, OS) 0.67; 0.67 1.0; 0.8 1.0; 0.1 1.0; E 1.0; 1.0 0.67; 0.33 0.03; 0.33 E; 0.67 1.0, E 1.33; 2.0 0.4; 1.0 0.8; 0.8 NPL; 0.8 0.05; 0.05 E; 1.0 E; 0.05 0.8; 0.2 0.16; 0.8 3.8 E Focal Therapy Chemotherapy Radiotherapy Enucleation Figure 1. Tumor timing, therapy and outcomes. Patients in each of the postnatal and prenatal retinoblasotma detection shown by gestational age at birth, international intraocular retinoblastoma classification (IIRC), treatment at time of first tumor occurrence and subsequently, final visual outcome and total follow-up time.

A B Figure 2. Prenatal Detection of Retinoblastoma (Case 18). At birth (28 weeks gestation; spontaneously premature), no tumors were observed (not shown). The first tumor appeared in the left eye on imaging with OCT (A,B) and RetCam (C) at 3 years of age and was treated with focal therapy alone (D). C D

OD OS A B Figure 3. Postnatal detection of retinoblastoma (Case 2). At birth (39 weeks gestation), large macular tumours were observed in each eye (A,B, patient 5 days old). Too young for systemic chemotherapy, the child was treated first with focal therapy including laser and periorbital topotecan. Systemic chemotherapy was later required to control tumor growth (C,D, patient 3.5 years old). C D