Specific upregulation of MKL1_S during the initial phase of TGF-β-induced myofibroblast differentiation. Specific upregulation of MKL1_S during the initial.

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Specific upregulation of MKL1_S during the initial phase of TGF-β-induced myofibroblast differentiation. Specific upregulation of MKL1_S during the initial phase of TGF-β-induced myofibroblast differentiation. (A) Cytofluorimetric profile of the SVF from which the adherent hASC population was generated for the differentiation experiments. (B) Phase-contrast pictures of TGF-β1-induced differentiation of hASCs (top panel). Cells stained with phalloidin (red) and anti-SMA (green) are shown in bottom panels. Cells were starved and kept in serum-free medium with or without 2 ng/ml TGF-β1 for 96 h. Scale bars: 200 µm (top panels), 50 µm (bottom panels). (C) qPCR analysis of myofibroblast marker levels relative to GAPDH during the initial phase of TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast differentiation. (D–H) qPCR analysis of MKL1 isoform levels relative to GAPDH during the initial phase of myofibroblastic differentiation induced by (D) 2 ng/ml TGF-β1, (E) chondrogenic medium (chondr.) containing 10 ng/ml TGF-β1, (F) 5 µM LPA, (G) 2 µM SPC, and (H) 5% uniaxial cyclic strain at 1 Hz for the initial 24 h. Data in C–H are represented as mean±s.d. (n = 4). *P<0.05, ***P<0.001, n.s., not significant (unpaired Student's t-test). Matthias A. Scharenberg et al. J Cell Sci 2014;127:1079-1091 © 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd