Signaling by apoptotic cells.

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Signaling by apoptotic cells. Signaling by apoptotic cells. (A) Apoptosis-induced proliferation. Dying cells can release mitogenic signals (such as Wnt, Dpp, Shh, EGF, TNF) and induce proliferation in neighboring cells. This mechanism can promote tissue homeostasis and regeneration. (B) Apoptosis-induced apoptosis. Apoptotic cells can also produce pro-death signals (such as Eiger/TNF) as a mechanism to spread apoptosis throughout tissues and achieve collective cell death. (C) Schematic representation of the molecular mechanisms underlying apoptosis-induced proliferation (AiP) and apoptosis-induced apoptosis (AiA). Ainhoa Pérez-Garijo, and Hermann Steller Development 2015;142:3253-3262 © 2015. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd