Kinematic Dipole Anisotropy from COBE After removal of kinematic dipole anisotropy

CMBR Kinematic Dipole Anisotropy (~300 km/s velocity toward Leo); map of the temperature fluctuation relative to the MEAN (black body with T=2.728 Kelvin) COBE 1989 Don’t know where we are in the universe but we know how fast we’re going! CMBR is the COSMIC RESTFRAME

COBE map after removal of kinematic dipole anisotropy and the Galaxy; fluctuations relative to smooth black body are of order +/- 35 microKelvin Smallest scale of fluctuations is 7 degrees (not in causal contact; “super-horizon sized”)

Around 2003

WMAP 3-year result Red line is best model fit from which total mass density, total mass in “baryons” vs. dark matter, cosmological constant / “dark energy”, and Hubble’s constant can be determined.

--------------------- t0 = 13.69 +/- 0.13 Gyr zdec = 1088 +/- 1 zeq = 3176 +/- 150 H0 = 72 +/- 3 km/s/Mpc Wb,0 = 0.0441 +/- 0.003 Wcdm,0 = 0.214 +/- 0.027 WL0 = 0.742 +/- 0.030 --------------------- Wm0 = Wb,0 + Wcdm,0 = 0.26 Wm0 + WL0 = 1 (!!) Cosmological Parameters from WMAP

Planck = higher sensitivity and higher angular resolution than WMAP Planck map (2013)

--------------------- Wm0 = Wb,0 + Wcdm,0 = 0.315 +/- 0.007 t0 = 13.81 +/- 0.06 Gyr zdec = 1090.4 +/- 0.6 zeq = 3386 +/- 66 H0 = 67 +/- 1 km/s/Mpc Wb,0 = 0.049 +/- 0.001 Wcdm,0 = 0.266 +/- 0.002 WL0 = 0.69 +/- 0.02 --------------------- Wm0 = Wb,0 + Wcdm,0 = 0.315 +/- 0.007 Wm0 + WL0 = 1 (!!) Ade et al. 2013 All values are ok within 2-sigma but not necessarily within 1-sigma. H0 came down, Lambda came down, and Omega matter went up; changes distances to objects at z=1 by 4% (makes them closer because of lower Lambda and lower H0)

Classical Hubble Diagram for Type Ia Supernovae; at z=1 Classical Hubble Diagram for Type Ia Supernovae; at z=1.0 the difference in expected magnitude for 3 wildly different cosmogonies is only about 0.5mag!! Flat, Lambda-dominated Open universe Flat, matter-dom. universe

“Residual Hubble Diagram” from Knop et al (2003); universe with no mass and no cosmological constant / “dark energy” is a flat line for all redshifts

Search for z > 1 SNe carried out by Adam Riess et al Search for z > 1 SNe carried out by Adam Riess et al. using HST; obtained 16 SNe, including 6 of the 7 highest-z SNe known

Riess et al. (2004); High-z supernovae from HST show universe decelerated in the past, transition happened at z ~ 0.5 “Jerk” is a purely kinematic model; the jerk is the derivative of the deceleration parameter, and deceleration parameter is the derivative of the Hubble parameter