Meet the Macromolecules!

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Presentation transcript:

Meet the Macromolecules!

Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids MAcromolecules

Macromolecules Why do we study these four? Make up the most common biological molecules While relatively simple, perform most of the complex functions in cells Universally found in all biological systems Macromolecules

Macromolecules What you need to know! Structure of the basic unit (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids) How they react to form larger molecules How the larger molecules are broken down into basic units Functions of the molecules in living organisms Macromolecules

Carbohydrates

Also known as saccharides Saccharides are used for: Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates Monosaccharides: single sugar molecule CnH2nOn Trioses, pentoses and hexoses? Carbohydrates

Need to know these: glucose fructose galactose Monosaccharides

Monosaccharides Isomers: Chemicals that share the same _________________, but differ in _____________________ Which of the previous molecules are isomers? Monosaccharides

Isomers: Monosaccharides

Disaccharides

Monosaccharides can combine in condensation reactions to form ________________ and ____________________ Condensation reaction involves : Which two functional groups participate in this reaction? Saccharide reactions

Saccharide reactions glycosidic bond. Glycosidic bonds are named according to : Saccharide reactions

Glucose isomers

glucose + glucose  ________________ Disaccharides

galactose + glucose  _______________ Disaccharides

glucose + fructose  _______________ Disaccharides

polysaccharides

Major biological molecules Glycogen Starch amylose amylopectin Cellulose Chitin miniature Major biological molecules

Glycogen Glucose is stored as _________ in the liver. highly branched molecule a-1,4-glycosidic bonds a-1,6-glycosidic bonds (branches) Glycogen

Glycogen

Starch Glucose is stored as _______ in plants. Amylose Amylopectin unbranched molecule a-1,4-glycosidic bonds only branched molecule less branched than glycogen a-1,4-glycosidic bonds a-1,6-glycosidic bonds (branches) Starch

Starch

Cellulose Glucose is used in plant cell walls in the form of ________. straight-chained molecule of glucose monomers b-1,4-glycosidic bonds H-bonding due to hydroxyl groups between chains provides strength Cellulose

Cellulose

Glucose-like monomers may be found on the tough skins of fungi and the exoskeletons of insects and animals Chitin

Chitin