Baroque Music Part 4, Section 1 - 10/17/17.

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Presentation transcript:

Baroque Music Part 4, Section 1 - 10/17/17

General History Baroque has meant bizarre, flamboyant, and elaborately ornamented Aristocracy (kings/queens) were enormously rich & powerful Surrounded themselves with luxury Most did no real work & tried to avoid boredom Entertainment was a necessity for them - still competed to have the best of everything (including music) Age of absolutism - rulers exercised absolute power Europe divided into Catholic & Protestant areas Scientific discoveries - Galileo, Newton Improvement of medicine, mining, navigation & industry

Louis XIV’s Palace of Versailles

Baroque Music 1600-1750 Many composers were forgotten until 1940’s Appearance of long-playing records spurred Baroque “revival” Monteverdi, Purcell, Corelli, & Vivaldi became known again Divided into three phases: Early (1600-1640) Middle (1640-1690) Late (1690-1750)

General Information Early baroque created the opera (drama sung to orchestral accompaniment) Favored homophonic texture in the early baroque Baroque composers began to use dissonance with new freedom Medieval church modes gave way to major and minor scales Instrumental music became very important! Violin family being most popular Late Baroque composers loved polyphony

Characteristics of Baroque Music Unity of Mood: 1 piece usually expresses 1 mood Specific rhythms or melodic patterns were associated with specific moods Rhythm: The beat is emphasized more in Baroque music Melody: Melody creates continuity in piece An opening melody will be heard again & again Many melodies are elaborate & ornamented - not easy to sing or remember Dynamics: Level of volume tends to stay constant Terraced dynamics - When dynamics do shift, it is sudden

Continued... Texture: Late Baroque is mainly polyphonic Chords & Basso Continuo: More concern with beauty of individual melodic lines than with chords formed when lines are heard together Chords were just by-products of the motion of the melodies Basso continuo - Usually played by at least 2 instruments (harpsichord & cello) Figured bass - numbers telling what note to play Words & Music: Text painting continued more extensively Heaven set to high tone & Hell to low tone Descending chromatic scales associated with pain & grief

Baroque Orchestra Orchestra evolved into performing group based on instruments of the violin family 10-40 players Basso continuo (harpsichord, cello, double bass) Upper strings (1st & 2nd violins, violas) Woodwind, percussion, brass - varied Some instruments, similar to how specific rhythms helped relay a specific mood Trumpets - used for festive or military Composers frequently rearranged music for different instruments

Baroque Form Movements - many Baroque compositions include a set of pieces or movements Each movement usually had it’s own theme & would come to a definite end Separated from next movement by brief pause Don’t clap between movements!