A+ Guide to Hardware: Managing, Maintaining, and Troubleshooting

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Presentation transcript:

A+ Guide to Hardware: Managing, Maintaining, and Troubleshooting System Resources Tool used by either hardware or software to communicate with the other Four types of system resources Interrupt request numbers (IRQs) Memory addresses I/O addresses Direct memory access (DMA) channels A+ Guide to Hardware: Managing, Maintaining, and Troubleshooting

System Resources (continued) A+ Guide to Hardware: Managing, Maintaining, and Troubleshooting

System Resources (continued) A+ Guide to Hardware: Managing, Maintaining, and Troubleshooting

Interrupt Request Number (IRQ) Method allowing a hardware device to signal the CPU for attention A hardware interrupt Initiated by device when it places a voltage on the designated IRQ line assigned to it This voltage on the line serves as a signal to the CPU that the device a has request that need processing A+ Guide to Hardware: Managing, Maintaining, and Troubleshooting

Interrupt Request Number (continued) A+ Guide to Hardware: Managing, Maintaining, and Troubleshooting

Interrupt Request Number (continued) A+ Guide to Hardware: Managing, Maintaining, and Troubleshooting

Interrupt Request Number (continued) A+ Guide to Hardware: Managing, Maintaining, and Troubleshooting

Interrupt Request Number (continued) A+ Guide to Hardware: Managing, Maintaining, and Troubleshooting

A+ Guide to Hardware: Managing, Maintaining, and Troubleshooting Memory Addresses OS relates to memory as a long list of cells to hold data and instructions Each cell is assigned a number Begins with zero A+ Guide to Hardware: Managing, Maintaining, and Troubleshooting

Memory Addresses (continued) A+ Guide to Hardware: Managing, Maintaining, and Troubleshooting

A+ Guide to Hardware: Managing, Maintaining, and Troubleshooting I/O Addresses CPU “knows” a hardware device as group of I/O addresses. Each device needs a range of I/O addresses so that the CPU can communicate more than one type of command to it IBM set many address assignments in ’70s for hard drive, floppy drive, keyboard Memorize the first I/O addresses in the I/O address range for significant devices Plug and play devices can use any I/O address or IRQ assigned during boot A+ Guide to Hardware: Managing, Maintaining, and Troubleshooting

I/O Addresses (continued) A+ Guide to Hardware: Managing, Maintaining, and Troubleshooting

A+ Guide to Hardware: Managing, Maintaining, and Troubleshooting DMA Channels Shortcut allowing an I/O device to send data directly to memory, bypassing CPU Chip on motherboard contains DMA logic and manages the process Early computers used channels 0, 1, 2, 3 Channels 5, 6, and 7 were added and 4 used to cascade to lower DMA A+ Guide to Hardware: Managing, Maintaining, and Troubleshooting

DMA Channels (continued) A+ Guide to Hardware: Managing, Maintaining, and Troubleshooting

OS Tools to Examine a System Device Manager Tool for information about devices System Information Information useful for troubleshooting Microsoft Diagnostic Utility (MSD) Useful for viewing information about the system A+ Guide to Hardware: Managing, Maintaining, and Troubleshooting

OS Tools to Examine a System (continued) A+ Guide to Hardware: Managing, Maintaining, and Troubleshooting

OS Tools to Examine a System (continued) A+ Guide to Hardware: Managing, Maintaining, and Troubleshooting

OS Tools to Examine a System (continued) A+ Guide to Hardware: Managing, Maintaining, and Troubleshooting