Fig. 3 Capturing the transformational dynamics from stripe domains to skyrmions and motion of skyrmions. Capturing the transformational dynamics from stripe.

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Fig. 3 Capturing the transformational dynamics from stripe domains to skyrmions and motion of skyrmions. Capturing the transformational dynamics from stripe domains to skyrmions and motion of skyrmions. (A to D) At a constant current density je = +6.4 × 104 A/cm2 and mT, the disordered stripe domains are forced to pass through the constriction and are eventually converted into skyrmions at the right side of the device. Red circles highlight the resultant newly formed skyrmions. (E) Illustration of the effective spin Hall field acting on these dynamically created skyrmions; the direction of motion follows the electron current. (F to I) Efficient motion of these skyrmions for a current density je = +3 × 104 A/cm2. (F) First, a 1-s-long single pulse je = +5 × 105 A/cm2 initializes the skyrmion state. (G to I) Subsequently, smaller currents (below the threshold current to avoid generating additional skyrmions through the constriction) are used to probe the current-velocity relation. These skyrmions are migrating stochastically and moving out of the field of view. See supplementary MOKE movies S1, S2, and S4 for the corresponding temporal dynamics. (J) The current-velocity dependence of skyrmions is acquired by studying ≈20 skyrmions via averaging their velocities by dividing the total displacement with the total time period. Wanjun Jiang et al. Science 2015;349:283-286 Copyright © 2015, American Association for the Advancement of Science