Catalyst Take out your homework so that we may go over it.

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Presentation transcript:

Catalyst Take out your homework so that we may go over it. Begin working on Activity 2.1 (another basic chem review)

Biological Molecules

Lipids Fats and Oils Insoluble in water Fats: Solid at room temperature Oils: Liquid at room temperature Insoluble in water Made of fatty acids with an alcohol (-OH) aka Esters

Fatty Acids Contain a carboxyl group “Head” Type of acid found in lipids -COOH Carboxyl group attaches to a hydrocarbon “Tail” A chain of carbon and hydrogens Often 15-17 carbon atoms long

Fatty Acids “Saturated” fatty acid “Unsaturated” fatty acid Only single bonds in the hydrocarbon chain Typically animal “fats” “Unsaturated” fatty acid Contains double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain Typically plant “oils” If only one double bond then referred to as monounsaturated If two or more then polyunsaturated

Alcohols and Esters Alcohols contain a hydroxyl group Glycerol Ester -OH, attached to a carbon atom Glycerol Special type of alcohol with three hydroxyl groups Ester Formed through esterification An alcohol attached to an acid Linked by an ester bond or “linkage” -COO-

Triglycerides Glyceride Triglyceride Ester formed by a fatty acid reacting with glycerol Triglyceride Formed when all three hydroxyl groups are utilized in the glycerol Hydrophobic Will dissolve in certain organic solvents Used as energy reserves, insulators, and in some cases for metabolic water

Phospholipids One of the three fatty acid molecules is replaced by a phosphate group Phosphate is extremely hydrophilic Leaves only two hydrocarbon tails Very important in creating membranes

Emulsion Test Utilizes the solubility properties of lipids Procedures Will not dissolve in water Will dissolve in ethanol (an organic solvent) Procedures Sample is dissolved in absolute ethanol Sample then poured into tube with water If positive it will form a cloudy white suspension (aka emulsion)