Referents

Type of Referents Extension and intension: The extension : is the set of entities which it denotes, changeable reference. It’s subject to changes. The intention: is the set of properties shared by all member of extension. e.x: (The capital city) is (Cairo.) intention extension

Some different kind of referents 1- unique and non-unique referents: Unique : when the referring expression has fixed reference. e.x: Gaza / the Dead Sea non-unique: the referring expression which has variable reference. doesn’t have a content e.x: She swam in a lake.

Some different kind of referents Concrete and abstract referents: Concrete: objects which can be touched. e.x: door, cat, stone Abstract : invisible objects e.x : knowledge, problem, ideas

The concrete objects term can be abstract (figurative) The key of the door. >>> literal The key of success. >>> figurative

3- Countable and non-countable referents Both of them might be concrete or abstract. Concrete countable expression: Items that are separated from one another. ex.: apples, pens,… Abstract countable phrases ex.: ideas, problems, suggestions

Concrete non-countable phrases: 1- substances: apple sauce, ink 2- numerous particles: sand, rice 3- furniture, jewelry, luggage. (collective) Abstract non-countable: advice, information