Cells: The Basic Units of Life 1.2

Organelle= “little organ” All the stuff in between the organelles is cytoplasm

“Cell Boundary” separates the inside of the cell from the external environment controls the flow of materials into and out of the cell

“The Brain” Controls all cell activities Holds the DNA (genetic material)

“Roads” Made up of channels that transport material made in the cell from one place to another Rough ER & Smooth ER

Rough ER= filled with RIBOSOMES; it makes proteins Smooth ER = NO RIBOSOMES; it makes lipids

“Protein Factory” Make proteins

“Shippers” Sorts products from the ER (proteins and lipids) and packages them into vesicles

“Clean Up Crew” Contain proteins (enzymes) that break down food into smaller particles Destroy old cells, recycle the parts Destroy invaders Garbage disposal Only found in animal cells

“Powerhouse” Makes energy for the cell Contains a double membrane Has it’s own DNA

“Storage” Sacs that fill with food being digested and waste material that is on its way out of the cell Water is also stored here Plant cells- central vacuole

“Spiderman” Protein tubes that play a role in cell division Usually only in animal cells Shoot out spindle fibers that guide chromosomes during cell division

photosynthesis

Flagellum Long, tail-like projection that extends from the cell Used for locomotion

Cilia Short, thin projections from cell Help with locomotion

CRASH COURSE!

Why are plant cells generally firmer than animal cells? Question 1 Why are plant cells generally firmer than animal cells?

What is the difference between nucleoplasm and cytoplasm? Question 2 What is the difference between nucleoplasm and cytoplasm?

Why do muscle cells contain more mitochondria than fat cells do? Question 3 Why do muscle cells contain more mitochondria than fat cells do?

Question 4 What is the difference between SMOOTH Endoplasmic Reticulum and ROUGH Endoplasmic Reticulum?

What is Apoptosis & why would this happen? Question 5 What is Apoptosis & why would this happen?

Why does a cell membrane not leak when punctured with a needle? Question 6 Why does a cell membrane not leak when punctured with a needle?