Plot of the pooled effect estimates from randomised controlled trials investigating the effects of pasta in the context of low-GI dietary patterns on global and abdominal markers of adiposity. Plot of the pooled effect estimates from randomised controlled trials investigating the effects of pasta in the context of low-GI dietary patterns on global and abdominal markers of adiposity. Pooled effect estimates are represented by diamonds and were estimated with the use of generic inverse-variance random-effects models. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed by the Cochran Q statistic, where P<0.10 is considered statistically significant, and quantified by the I2 statistic where I2 ≥50% is considered evidence of substantial heterogeneity. BMI, body mass index; GI, glycaemic index; HGI, higher-glycaemic index diet; LGI, low-glycaemic index diet. Laura Chiavaroli et al. BMJ Open 2018;8:e019438 ©2018 by British Medical Journal Publishing Group