Week Twelve (November8-9) Day 1 Chapter 13 Quiz Week Thirteen (November 15-19) Day 1- Chapter 14 Quiz (GRAPES Mali, Delhi Sultanate Due) Day 2- Trade Routes Comparison Week Fourteen (November 22-23) Day 1- Unit Exam Chapter 8-14

Chapter 12

The Rise of the Mongols 1200–1260 Nomadic clans Lead by Khan Conquered less powerful clans-demanded tribute Women were important Religious pluralism Relied on settled people for certain goods Genghis Khan

The Mongol Conquests, 1215–1283 Began conquering outward from Mongolia Golden Horde Jagadai Il-khan Great Khan in Mongolia Khubilai- caused a civil war among the Khanatates Starts the Yuan dynasty in China

Causes and Effects of Conquest Superior horsemanship, Better bows Cavalry charge New military techniques and technology, Non-Mongol soldiers into their armies; Reputation Took advantage of rivalries among their enemies Effects Increased Trade Cosmopolitan period transfer of knowledge Plague

Mongols and Islam, 1260–1500 Constant fighting between the Il-Khans and Muslims Khan of the Golden Horde was Muslim and fought the Il-Khan Ended with the Conversion of the Il-Khan Il Khan used tax farming Over taxation Il-Khan fell from internal problems- attacked by Golden Horde Timur the Lame took control of the Jagadai Great advancements in Social sciences, astronomy, and math

Europe Russia Western Europe Eastern Europe Novogrod and Moscow became major centers Ivan III defeated the Golden Horde in 1480—Tsar Orthodox Christianity Western Europe Scared by the foreign threat Began question society and religion because of the plague Eastern Europe Turkish Ottoman took over Anatolia Began taking land from the Byzantines

The Yuan Empire, 1279–1368 Khubilai Khan Very cosmopolitan Built Beijing Adopted Chinese customs and traditions Reunified China Very cosmopolitan Foreigners, merchants, doctors, and non-Confucian scholars became important Trade flourished Construction projects Farmers were brutalized and population declined Internal rebellions 1368 - Zhu Yuanzhang established the Ming Empire

The Early Ming Empire, 1368–1500 Capital was Nanjing Anti-foreign (Mongol) pro Confucian Except Zheng He Built upon much of the Yuan infrastructure Closed their borders –Arrogance Feared technology transfer Practical knowledge decreases Confucian knowledge grows Civil Service examination Vast cultural achievements –arts, and poetry

Korea Koryo surrendered to the Mongols Yi Intermarried with the Yuan After the Yuan collapsed so did the Koryo Yi Anti foreign Great advancements

Japan Kamukoru Shogunate Ashikaga Shogunate Warring States period Stopped the Mongols Unified their power Expensive foreign defenses caused bankruptcy Civil War Ashikaga Shogunate Weak shogun/ Strong Daimyo Warring States period Onin War of 1477 Tokugawa Shogunate

Chapter 13

Tropical Lands and Peoples Uneven distribution of rainfall Needed dams, irrigation canals, and reservoirs to grow food Relied on trade instead New Islamic Empires Mali Delhi Sultanate

Mali in the Western Sudan Islam had spread throughout Africa by trade 1240 Sundiata Capital Timbuktu Based on Tran Saharan Trade (gold and salt) Mansa Kankan Musa (r. 1312–1337) Hajj Built new mosques and schools/libraries Internal fighting caused problems

The Delhi Sultanate in India Sultan Iltutmish- Muslim Turkish conqueror Hated by local Hindu people Raziya Sometimes aggressive and sometimes accepting of Hindus City was destroyed by Timur

Indian Ocean Trade Dhows carried goods around the Middle East Junks carried goods around China and Southeast Asia Decentralized Africa: The Swahili Coast and Zimbabwe Arabia: Aden and the Red Sea India: Gujarat and the Malabar Coast Southeast Asia: the Rise of Malacca

Africa: The Swahili Coast and Zimbabwe Many city-states Cosmopolitan language and culture develops African, Persian, and Arab Gold Great Zimbabwe- Inland trade city Arabia: Aden and the Red Sea Few regions that had enough rain to grow food Center for trade Violence occurred between Christian Ethiopia as Islam spread

India: Gujarat and the Malabar Coast Exported cotton, textiles, indigo, leather goods, carpets Manufacturing center Calicut Cotton, textiles, and spices Southeast Asia: the Rise of Malacca Important passageway between China and Indian Ocean Great deal of pirates 1407 Chinese crushed the pirates Muslim rulers of Malacca created a prosperous trade-state

Social and Cultural Change Spread of religion, culture, customs, and architecture Islam spread literacy, science, medicine, math and law Spread peacefully Blended with local traditions Traders became wealthy- social/economic stratification Slavery increased Women faced oppression but played important roles based on local traditions Buddhism finally disappeared in India