Elevated levels of gremlin-1 in eutopic endometrium and peripheral serum in patients with endometriosis Guihua Sha, Ph.D., Yan Zhang, M.D., Chengyan.

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Elevated levels of gremlin-1 in eutopic endometrium and peripheral serum in patients with endometriosis Guihua Sha, Ph.D., Yan Zhang, M.D., Chengyan Zhang, M.D., Yuping Wan, M.D., Zhengmiao Zhao, B.S., Chunyan Li, M.D., Jinghe Lang, M.D. Fertility and Sterility Volume 91, Issue 2, Pages 350-358 (February 2009) DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.12.007 Copyright © 2009 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 (A) Negative control for GREM1 (red, A1), CD146 (green, A2), and nucleus staining with 6-diamino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (blue, A3), as well as the overlapped three-color image (A4). (B) The corresponding image for GREM1 (B1), CD146 (B2), and nucleus staining (B3), as well as the overlapped three-color image (B4). Fertility and Sterility 2009 91, 350-358DOI: (10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.12.007) Copyright © 2009 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 (A) With the recombinant mouse standard reference, a band of the expected 20 kDa was obtained. (B) When the difference between cancerous lung tissue and paraneoplastic lung tissue was compared, the same bands of about 47 and 60 kDa were gained as from endometrium. Ab = antibody. Fertility and Sterility 2009 91, 350-358DOI: (10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.12.007) Copyright © 2009 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 The difference in GREM1 protein expression between endometriotic and nonendometriotic eutopic endometria. EM = endometriosis; Ab = antibody. The difference is statistically significant, P<.05. Fertility and Sterility 2009 91, 350-358DOI: (10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.12.007) Copyright © 2009 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Standard curve with mouse recombinant standard reference of GREM1 used to measure the concentration of GREM1 in peripheral serum. Fertility and Sterility 2009 91, 350-358DOI: (10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.12.007) Copyright © 2009 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Serum concentration of GREM1 by menstrual phase. P = proliferative phase; S = secretory phase; EM = endometriosis. ∗Statistically significant difference between the two groups, P=.037; the differences in comparisons of other sample groups did not reach statistical significance. Fertility and Sterility 2009 91, 350-358DOI: (10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.12.007) Copyright © 2009 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions