Exploring Cell Adaptations Cell Biology Bio 1.2.3 Explain how cell adaptations help cells survive in particular environments

Standard & Objective: Bio 1.2.3 Explain how cell adaptations help organisms survive in particular environments. Visit each poster and write down the description and adaptation of each structure. Label the cell adaptation in a diagram of the organism. (Part 1) Determine the type of taxis (movement) being used in different scenarios. (Part 2)

Part 1 - Cell adaptations Adaptations are behaviors and features that help organisms to survive and/or reproduce.

Part 1 - Cell adaptations Visit each poster and write down the description and adaptation of each structure. Label the cell adaptation in a diagram of the organism. (Part 1)

Contractile vacuole Most protists, like the paramecium shown in the video live in water. As the video shows contractile vacuoles fill with excess(more than needed) water and then pump the water out of the cell.

Contractile vacuole Label the contractile vacuole on your diagram.

flagellum Some bacteria and protists have one or more flagella. Flagellum (plural flagella) is a long, whiplike projection use to move the cell. Euglena (a protist) - uses its flagella to move in water.

Eyespot Euglena also have a structure called an eyespot that can detect if light is present or absent. If the eyespot detects light, the euglena will move toward the light for photosynthesis If it doesn’t detect light the euglena will feed on organisms in the water. Euglena with a red eyespot

Flagellum & Eye sPot Euglena are attracted to light because they use it for photosynthesis. That’s why they’re green! Compare the number of euglena in the light and dark. Euglena in Light Euglena in Dark

flagellum Label the flagellum and the eyespot on your diagram. Eyespot

Pseudopod Some protists have pseudopods (which means “false feet”) that they use to move and capture food. Amoeba uses pseudopod to engulf (take in) two paramecium to eat.

Pseudopod Label the pseudopod on your diagram

Cilia Cilia are short hair-like projections on the outside of a cell that move using coordinated stroke (like paddling a boat) Paramecium have cilia that they use to move and to sweep food into their food passage. Paramecium beats cilia to sweep food into food passage. As it does this a round food vacuole forms inside the cell.

Cilia Label the cilia on your diagram. cilia

Part 2- types of taxis (Movement) Taxes (plural-taxis) are involuntary responses to different stimuli in an organism’s environment. There are two types of taxis you should know: Chemotaxis - movement toward or away from chemicals Phototaxis - movement toward or away from light Positive = toward Negative = away

phototaxis Is the taxis positive or negative? Watch the video and describe the example of phototaxis shown. A species of cyano-bacteria (bacteria that can do photosynthesis) responds to light. Top = normal bacteria Bottom = mutated bacteria

Is the taxis positive or negative? Chemotaxis Is the taxis positive or negative? Watch the video and describe the example of chemotaxis shown. Helpful vocab: Neutrophil = a white blood cell Micropipette - very small dropper Chemoattractant = chemical that attracts the cell

Conclusion Questions Make sure to use the notes you took in the activity to complete the review questions. Make sure your name is on your paper and turn in when you are finished.