Fig. 2 Propagation and misfolding of tau are enhanced with age.

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Fig. 2 Propagation and misfolding of tau are enhanced with age. Propagation and misfolding of tau are enhanced with age. (A) Representative images of human P301Ltau propagation after AAV GFP-2a-P301Ltau injection into the EC in young and old mice. For analysis, huTau recipient neurons (white arrowhead in CA1 close-up) were counted in the EC, the hippocampal formation, and the adjacent cortex (ROI outlined with dashed white line). (B) Tau propagation (no. of recipient cells/no. of transduced cells) in old animals was still small but threefold higher (P = 0.0322) compared to young adult animals (12 weeks after injection). (C) The amount of transduced GFP+ neurons in the EC of young and old mice relative to the amount of total neurons (DAPI+ neuronal nuclei) was determined by counting nuclei and GFP+ cells in the same area of EC in parallel. (D) Number of neurons (large DAPI+ nuclei; smaller glia nuclei were neglected) in the injected (ipsi) and noninjected (contra) EC of young and old mice reveals no difference in neuronal numbers. (E) Number of microglia (Iba1+) in the HPC of the ipsilateral and contralateral hemisphere shows no difference between young and old mice. (F) GFAP levels in EC/HPC extracts from young and old mice (6 weeks after injection) suggest more activated astrocytes in the ipsilateral side of both young and old mice, compared to the contralateral side. (G) Western blot analysis of EC/HPC extracts from noninjected young and old mice reveals no general difference in proteostasis, in the ER stress marker CHOP, or in autophagy markers LC3B and p62. (H) Images showing transduced neurons (GFP+, green) in the EC having misfolded tau (Alz-50+, pink) in an old and a young animal. (I) The amount of Alz-50+ neurons in the EC (normalized to area covered by transduced GFP+ neurons) appears to be ~2-fold higher in old animals (ns, not significant; P = 0.1531). Data presented as mean ± SEM. For cell counts, n = 4 young and 5 old animals and n = 3 to 5 brain sections per animal; single data points represent the mean per animal. For brain lysates, n = 5 young and old animals. Two-tailed Student’s t test with Welch’s correction when comparing two groups, and one-way ANOVA with Sidak’s correction when comparing multiple groups. Susanne Wegmann et al. Sci Adv 2019;5:eaaw6404 Copyright © 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).