Chapter 4 Attitudes, Values, and Ethics Explain the ABC model of an attitude. Describe how attitudes are formed. Identify sources of job satisfaction and commitment. Distinguish between organizational citizenship and workplace deviance behaviors. Identify the characteristics of the source, target, and message that affect persuasion. Discuss the definition and importance of emotions at work. Contrast the effects of individual and organizational influences on ethical behavior. Identify the factors that affect ethical behavior. Learning Outcomes © 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

© 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Attitude LO1 a psychological tendency expressed by evaluating an entity with some degree of favor or disfavor © 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 2

Model of an Attitude B A C LO1 © 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 3

Two Influences on Attitude Formation LO2 Two Influences on Attitude Formation Direct Experience Social Learning © 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 5

Attitude–Behavior Correspondence Requirements LO2 Attitude Specificity Attitude Relevance Measurement Timing Personality Factors Social Constraints © 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 7

Job Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction LO3&4 SATISFACTION - a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one’s job or job experience DISSATISFACTION - Most believe that happy or satisfied employees are more productive at work, but the relationship between job satisfaction and performance is more complex. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 8

© 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Process of Persuasion LO5 Source New Attitude Persuasion Target © 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 12

Emotions and the Workplace LO6 [Positive Emotions] Improve cognitive functioning Improve health and coping mechanisms Enhance creativity [Negative Emotions] Lead to workplace deviance [Emotional Contagion] the dynamic process through which emotions are transferred from one person to another. It occurs primarily through nonverbal cues and tendency for mimicry. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

© 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Ethical Behavior LO7 acting in ways consistent with one’s personal values and the commonly held values of the organization and society © 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 19

Ethics and the Individual LO8 Ethics and the Individual Ethical decision making requires three qualities of individuals Competence to identify ethical issues and evaluate the consequences of alternate actions. Self-confidence to seek out different opinions and decide what is right. Willingness to make decisions when there is no unambiguous solution. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

© 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. VALUES LO8 © 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 17

Individual/Organizational Model of Ethical Behavior © 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 17

Cognitive Moral Development The process of moving through stages of maturity in terms of making ethical decisions Level I – Premoral Level Stage 1 – avoid punishment Stage 2 – serve immediate interest Level Il – Conventional Level Stage 3 – live up to friends’ expectations Stage 4 – observe societal laws Level llI – Principled Level Stage 5 – principles of justice/right Stage 6 – self-selected ethical principles © 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 25