Foreign Aid in the American Revolution
Countries France Spain Dutch
Motivation for Assisting France and Spain Seven Years' War Great Britain was the most powerful country in the world French and Spanish territorial losses France and Spain relation Family Compact, Treaty of Paris, 1761 Dutch Falling Status Trade
France Continental Congress sends diplomats Hesitant at first Silas Deane, Benjamin Franklin, Arthur Lee Hesitant at first Secretly sends supplies Roderigue Hortalez and Company, 1775 Volunteer Military Officers Lack of initial success Battle of Saratoga
France Treaty of Alliance (February 1778) Formal Alliance Neither country would sign a peace treaty or truce with Great Britain Would not stop fighting until American independence was assured Treaty of Amity and Commerce (February 1778) Commercial Treaty Defied British Navigation Acts Secret Agreement Allowed other countries to join the alliance
France Contributions to War Siege of Yorktown Continued supplying army Troops Navy Siege of Yorktown Chesapeake Bay, 1781 French Navy prevented British retreat
Spain Did not want to be dragged into the war Secretly provided supplies John Jay Roderique Hortalez and Company Diverted Agenda Gibraltar, Minorca, and Florida Invading England
Spain Treaty of Aranjuez (April 1779) Military Operations Spain aids France in war against Great Britain France aids Spain in recapture of Gibraltar, Minorca, and Florida Military Operations Louisiana Southern Front
Dutch First European power to officially recognize the American colonies as a nation St. Eustatius Island in the West Indies Neutral trading port French, Spanish, and Dutch access to America War with Great Britain Loans 4 large loans (1782-1788) Avoided bankruptcy