5.CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION 1

5 ELEMENTS IN A CONCLUSION Objectives Findings Implications Limitations Recommendations 2

1.Overview of the study Summarize what the research is all about (do not introduce new ideas) Explain briefly why & how you conduct the study 3

2. Restatement of the objectives Rephrase the objectives according to your research questions 4

3. Review of the findings Draw conclusions for each major issues Use sign posting to connect the findings Start with the most important one 5

4. Implications of the findings Conclude/deduce ideas based on findings Implicate some ideas that can support further actions 6

5. Limitations of research State the weaknesses (do not apologize) E.g. Small sample size, limited time, improper instrument, etc. 7

Conclusion can be written in paragraph/ point form (page 192-3) 8

WHAT IS A RECOMMENDATION? It suggests actions to be taken based on findings It is related to conclusions It is NOT based on biases or beliefs that are not supported by data 9

2 TYPES OF RECOMMENDATION To recommend actions to be taken based on findings To recommend actions to other researchers for further research 10

Recommendation can be written in a paragraph/ point form (page 196) 11

LANGUAGE INPUT: Modal Auxiliary Verbs Use appropriate modals when making recommendations: 1. May/Could/Might – mild suggestion 2. Should/Ought to – strong suggestion 3. Must/Have to – extreme suggestion 12