Chapter 2 Foundations of Effective Technology Integration Models: Theory and Practice M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 4/E Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Learning Theories as Bases for Integration Models M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 4/E Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Directed Technology Integration Strategies Theoretical Base Behaviorist theory Learning as a stimulus-response B. F. Skinner Mastery learning Information-processing theory The mind as a computer Atkinson and Shiffrin Sensory registers B.F. Skinner M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 4/E Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Directed Technology Integration Strategies Theoretical Base (continued) Cognitive-behaviorist theory Providing condition for learning Robert Gagné Events of instruction Systems theory and systematic instructional design Managing the complexity of teaching Robert Gagné M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 4/E Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Inquiry-based Technology Integration Strategies Theoretical Base Social activism theory Learning as a social experience John Dewey Constructivism Scaffolding theory Learning as a cognitive building process Lev Vygotsky Zone of proximal development John Dewey Lev Vygotsky M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 4/E Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Child development theory Inquiry-based Technology Integration Strategies Theoretical Base (continued) Child development theory Stages of development Jean Piaget Instructional support for child development Discovery learning Jerome Bruner Multiple Intelligences theories Role of intelligence in learning Howard Gardner Jean Piaget Jerome Bruner M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 4/E Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Howard Gardner

Technology Integration Strategies Based on Each Model M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 4/E Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Technology Integration Planning (TIP) M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 4/E Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Technology Integration Planning (TIP) Phase 1 Determine relative advantage Phase 1: Determine relative advantage Why should I use a technology-based method? What is the problem I am addressing? Do technology-based methods offer a solution with sufficient relative advantage? Phase 2 Decide objectives and assessments Phase 3 Design integration strategies Phase 4 Prepare the instructional environment Phase 5 Evaluate & revise integration strategies M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 4/E Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Technology Integration Planning (TIP) Phase 1 Determine relative advantage Phase 2: Decide objectives and assessments How will I know students have learned? What outcomes do I expect from using the new methods? What are the best ways of assessing these outcomes? Phase 2 Decide objectives and assessments Phase 3 Design integration strategies Phase 4 Prepare the instructional environment Phase 5 Evaluate & revise integration strategies M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 4/E Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. 2.10

Technology Integration Planning (TIP) Phase 1 Determine relative advantage Phase 3: Design integration strategies What teaching strategies and activities will work best? What kinds of instructional methods are needed? How can technology best support these methods? How can I prepare students adequately to use technologies? Phase 2 Decide objectives and assessments Phase 3 Design integration strategies Phase 4 Prepare the instructional environment Phase 5 Evaluate & revise integration strategies M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 4/E Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. 2.11

Technology Integration Planning (TIP) Phase 1 Determine relative advantage Phase 4: Prepare the instructional environment Are essential conditions in place to support technology integration? What equipment, software, media, and materials will I need? How should resources be arranged to support instruction and learning? What planning is required to make sure technology resources work well? Phase 2 Decide objectives and assessments Phase 3 Design integration strategies Phase 4 Prepare the instructional environment Phase 5 Evaluate & revise integration strategies M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 4/E Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. 2.12

Technology Integration Planning (TIP) Phase 1 Determine relative advantage Phase 5: Evaluate and revise integration strategies What worked well? What could be improved? How well has the technology integration strategy worked? What could be improved to make it work better? Phase 2 Decide objectives and assessments Phase 3 Design integration strategies Phase 4 Prepare the instructional environment Phase 5 Evaluate & revise integration strategies M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 4/E Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. 2.13

Essential Conditions for Technology Integration Shared Vision Technical Assistance Standards and Curriculum Support Trained Personnel Access M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 4/E Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Essential Conditions for Effective Technology Integration M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 4/E Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Essential Conditions for Technology Integration Shared Vision for Technology Integration Coordinated school and district planning, and involvement of teachers and other personnel at all levels Budget yearly amounts for technology purchases and make funding incremental Emphasize teacher training Match technology to curriculum needs Keep current and build in flexibility M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 4/E Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Essential Conditions for Technology Integration Standards and Curriculum Support Internet use policies Acceptable Use Policy (AUP) Legal/ethical use policies Policies to insure equity M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 4/E Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Essential Conditions for Technology Integration Access to Hardware, Software, and Other Resources Finding funding Purchasing hardware and software Setting up and maintaining physical facilities M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 4/E Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Essential Conditions for Technology Integration Trained Personnel Hands-on, integration emphasis Training over time Modeling, mentoring, and coaching Post-training access M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 4/E Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Essential Conditions for Technology Integration Technical Assistance Appropriate Teaching Approaches Appropriate Assessment Approaches M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 4/E Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.