Baby First Aid 1

What is First Aid? 2

What is First Aid? First Aid is the initial or immediate assistance given to a casualty who is injured or sick prior to professional medical assistance arriving and taking over from you 3

Aims of First Aid Preserve life Prevent the condition from worsening Promote recovery 4

Arriving at the scene 5

A M E G Assess Manage Emergency first aid Get help Aftermath Managing the scene A M E G Assess Manage Emergency first aid Get help Aftermath 6

Circulation/CPR for a non-breathing casualty Primary survey D R A B C Dangers Response Airway Breathing Circulation/CPR for a non-breathing casualty 7

Contacting the emergency services L Location Incident Other Services Number of casualties Extent of Injuries Location (repeat) I O N E L 8

Primary Survey & Recovery Position 9

Circulation/CPR for a non-breathing casualty Primary survey D R A B C Dangers Response Airway Breathing Circulation/CPR for a non-breathing casualty 10

Recovery position for an baby Hold the infant in your arms with their head facing downwards and towards you so that you can monitor their airway, their breathing and their general condition 11

Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation 13

Early recognition and call for help Post resuscitation care The Chain of Survival Early recognition and call for help Early CPR Early defibrillation Post resuscitation care

Choking 24

Airway obstruction Onset was very sudden No other signs of illness Clues to alert you, for example a history of eating or playing with small items immediately prior to the onset of symptoms General signs of choking: Witnessed episode Coughing or choking Sudden onset Recent history of playing with or eating small objects

Airway obstruction Effective cough: Crying or verbal response to questions Loud cough Able to take a breath before coughing Fully responsive Ineffective coughing: Unable to vocalise Quiet or silent cough Unable to breathe Cyanosis Decreasing level of consciousness

Choking infant If unsuccessful phone 999/111 Repeat cycle If your casualty is choking, look in the mouth and remove any visible, easily removed object If this doesn’t work, give up to 5 back blows If successful, then you must seek medical help If this doesn’t work, give up to 5 chest thrusts If this is successful, then you must seek medical help If unsuccessful phone 999/111 Repeat cycle Be prepared to Resuscitate 27

Wounds & Bleeding 28

Bruising Treatment: Cool the affected area with a cold compress Do not put ice directly to the skin. Wrap in a cloth first If the bruise is still there after 2 weeks, then you should see your GP 29

Nose bleed Sit the casualty down and lean them forward Ask them to pinch the soft part of the nose as they lean forward Apply this pressure for 10 minutes and then release slowly Ask them to avoid rubbing or blowing their nose If you are unable to stop the bleeding, ask them to repeat the pinching process for a further 10 minutes If the bleeding continues for more than 30 minutes then you will need to seek medical advice

Minor cuts and grazes Treatment: Clean the wound with water Pat dry with a sterile swab Apply dressing or plaster 32

Small splinters Brush the splinter off with the blunt edge of a credit card for example. If it won’t brush off, then leave it in place and seek medical attention. Tweezers can be used to remove the splinter on the same angle it went in on. Carefully squeeze to encourage bleeding. Then dress the wound. 34

Childhood conditions 40

If your baby has a fever What to do Check their temperature and if unusual seek medical help Make them cool and comfortable, giving them regular drinks Monitor your baby 39 C + 3 months + Seek help 38oC+ 38 C + Under 3 months Seek help 37 C + Fever

Febrile Convulsions Febrile convulsions, or seizures, are a relatively common childhood condition, referring to a child having a seizure (fit) when they have a high temperature of 38ºCF (100.4ºF) or above This is usually the result of an infection Recognition Shaking Loss or impaired response Fever Possible vomiting

Febrile Convulsions Treatment Do not restrain the baby during the seizure Once the seizure has ended cool the baby Place in Recovery Position If the seizure lasts for less than five minutes, phone your GP or 111 If the seizure lasts for longer than five minutes, dial 999/112 Monitor the child

Meningitis Caused by viral or bacterial infections on the meninges, the membrane that surrounds the brain and spinal cord Recognition Fever but cold hands and feet May be in pain and not wish to be touched Crying continuously Sleepy and difficult to wake up Stiff neck Sensitive to light Unwell, agitated or confused Blotchy red rash

Meningitis Treatment Call 999/112 Keep cool and hydrated Monitor your baby

Sickle Cell Anaemia Hereditary problem caused by genetic mutation of the red blood cells. Blood cells develop the “sickle shape” and can not travel freely in the blood causing blockages and clogging in the vessels Recognition Possible swelling of hands and feet Pain in long bones of the arms and legs Pain in chest, stomach, spine or ribs Pain can last from minutes to weeks Irregular heartbeats, shortness of breath and fatigue

Sickle Cell Anaemia Treatment Ensure that they drink plenty of fluids. Fluids can help thin the blood and clear out the sickle cells that are clogging the blood vessels Provide pain medication the child has (as agreed with the parents) Use suitable distractions. For example, reading them a story, watching a DVD or playing their favourite computer game will help to take their mind of the pain Dial 999/112 if the pain becomes too great

Croup Caused by viruses which affect the airway and the lungs causing them to swell and become narrow Recognition A barking cough Difficulty breathing Rasping sound when breathing in Cold-like symptoms to begin with

Croup Treatment Sit on knee and support their back and comfort Give lots of fluids Call 111 or GP if does not improve Do not Put them in a steamy room Give cough medications

Any Questions? Course closure 50 Please feel free to leave us some feedback via Facebook or Twitter 50