Chapter 17 Classification Taxonomy - the study of ________

Linneaus Grouped things into KINGDOMS 1750 Grouped living things by their PHYSICAL TRAITS Grouped things into KINGDOMS Gave all living things a two-part name… BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE Two Name Naming System _____ _________ ___________ _____________

Kingdom Country Phylum State Class County Order Town Family Each KINGDOM is further classified into more specific groups, much like addresses are organized into smaller categories. Kingdom Country Phylum State Class County Order Town Family Neighborhood Genus Street Species House Number

KINGDOM PHYLUM CLASS ORDER FAMILY GENUS SPECIES

Human Classification sapien Animal Chordate Mammal Primate Hominid Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Animal Multi-cellular consumers Chordate backbone Mammal Milk-producing hairy Opposable digits, Bipedal Stereoscopic vision Primate Hominid Bigger brain, tool making, Homo “wise man” sapien

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Animal Chordate Mammal Primate Hominid Pan troglodytes

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Animal Chordate Mammal carnivore Felidae Pantera leo

Scientific name Is an animal’s Genus (Evereadii) and its species (eatibus)

Binomial Nomenclature A two-part naming system Homo sapien Common name: Human Common name: Dog Canis familiaris Pantera tigris Common name: Tiger Elephas maximus Common name: Elephant

LINNAEUS' SYSTEM HAS LIMITATIONS Since the Linnaean system focuses on physical similarities alone…molecular studies (genetic sequences) are not considered. Genetic similarities between two species are more likely than physical similarities to show ___________________________________ COMMON ANCESTORY

CLASSIFICATION TODAY Revealed genetic differences in the DNA sequences of organisms Classified organisms into 3 DOMAINS BACTERIA ARCHAEA EUKARYA Carl Woese

The Tree of Life ARCHAEA BACTERIA EUKARYA _________________

The THREE domains 1. Bacteria Single-celled prokaryotes Clostridium botulinum E. coli Salmonella typhus Neisseria gonorrhea Single-celled prokaryotes One of the largest groups of organisms on Earth Can be classified by their traits such as: * Shape * Their Need for Oxygen * Whether they cause disease

Haloquadratum walsbyi The THREE domains 2. Archaea Single-celled prokaryotes, (without a nucleus) Able to live in extreme environments, (due to the chemical make up of their cell walls Haloquadratum walsbyi Acid Mine Drainage

The THREE domains "Everything Else" 3. Eukarya Made up of all organisms with eukaryotic cells (Eukaryotic: Have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles) Can be single-celled, colonial, or multicellular Includes 4 Kingdoms: Kingdom Protista Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Animalia

Animal Kingdom mobility multi-cellular cells have a nucleus consumers * Eukaryotic consumers mobility

Plant Kingdom producers cell wall multicellular cells have a nucleus * Eukaryotic cell wall made of cellulose

Fungus Kingdom Feeds by absorbing its surroundings cell wall Except for YEAST which is unicellular multicellular cells have a nucleus * Eukaryotic Feeds by absorbing its surroundings Decomposer cell wall made of chitin

Protist Kingdom most are unicellular Producer Consumer mobility some algae are multicellular most are unicellular Producer (Plant-like) or Consumer (Animal-like) cells have a nucleus * Eukaryotic mobility