How to publish in style Gustaf Olsson & Zhiguo Yuan Lund Univ How to publish in style Gustaf Olsson & Zhiguo Yuan Lund Univ. Sweden Univ. of Queensland, Australia September 2018

The issue is not what you need to say... remember The issue is not what you need to say... but what the reader wishes to learn The global water challenge is deemed to be of high risk, for human wellbeing and the sustainability of our planet; Climate change coupled with population growth, urbanisation and increasing demands and competition for drinking water and water for industry, agriculture and nature are creating unprecedented challenges; In the near future, water will determine how economic development, human well-being and environmental sustainability will be achieved; A key aspect of turning the global water challenge into an opportunity is increasing the robustness and resilience of our water systems. Investing in man-made and natural infrastructure building on pioneering science, innovating technology and leading practices is vital. Through its fostering of cooperation and collaboration, its focus on innovation in technology and practice, IWA is a global leader in meeting these challenges.

Identify your messages What your data says What is known from the literature A B C D E The winner is E “The data also reveals A&C, and confirms B&D” What the reader wishes to know

The audience should influence the style! Who is the Reader? What is the key message? Which journal? Specialists? Practicing engineers? Interdisciplinary? The audience should influence the style!

Aspects of your publication Catching the readers attention Title Abstract Introduction Conclusions Describing the results Discussing and explaining the results

Title – make it simple! Why say: ‘The effect of heating the albumen and vitellus of the Gallus Gallus Domesticus contained in calcium carbonate in H2O to 373.15 K’ when ‘Boiling a chicken egg in water’ says it?

The title Use the title to decide on the direction of your paper – the title should catch their attention. Express only one idea or subject in the title As short as possible – but still informative! Important words placed first No abbreviations or jargons Subtitles can be useful

introduction Early in the project: Sketch the introduction to clarify your thoughts After the work is finished: Complete the introduction!

Introduction (2) Start the introduction with: Purpose of the paper Research challenge Then The background – the motivation Earlier work, literature review Finally The hypothesis – suggested solution to the problem The big picture of the results Overview of the paper

Materials and Methods How you did it Should be possible to verify by the reader Always a balance between brevity (cannot describe every technical issue) and completeness (the reader has to understand what happened) Describe the methods (not only “I used the software XYZ and found”)

Materials and methods - results Describe the results qualitatively in a paragraph before you present the numbers Be careful with statistics! Before any analysis, look at the data and try to find out qualitatively what the data tells you The data should lead you to the conclusions

results If you can summarize the results in a figure, do that! Remember – there is usually only space for 2-3 figures! Tables are useful. Not too long or too detailed – only the key results Details of the results can be published on a website or in an internal report. Sometimes you may also present the raw data in an appendix

Be careful with numbers and their accuracy! “The mineral element contents were high concentrations of K (5,458.33±954.70 mg/100 g) and Fe (210.30±2.47 mg/100 g). “ 5,500±950 210±2.5

All data are not gaussian! Pharmaceutical occurence …. (ng/L) N4-zz1 229 ± 261 N4-zz2 193 ± 265 N-zz 21 ± 24

discussion Discussion is the heart of the paper – be careful to present the results clearly The main function is to answer the questions posed in the Introduction It is not sufficient to present the results. Try to explain them! Explain and discuss results that may be surprising! Edit, edit, edit….

conclusions the “take-home” message of the paper short, concise statements of the results – no explanations not an extension of the discussion not a summary of your paper no references will also show implications for future research

Finally Revise, revise …… Ask colleagues to review before you submit Find an experienced writer to check the language Ask if your friend (who is not a specialist!) can understand the introduction Revise again!

Please contact Gustaf Olsson Zhiguo Yuan Lund University, Sweden gustaf.olsson@iea.lth.se gustafolsson3@gmail.com Zhiguo Yuan Univ. of Queensland, Australia z.yuan@awmc.uq.edu.au

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