Islet mRNA expression of insulin (A), glucagon (B), mafa (C), pdx1 (D), mafb (E), glut-1 (F), and glut-2 (G). Islet mRNA expression of insulin (A), glucagon.

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Islet mRNA expression of insulin (A), glucagon (B), mafa (C), pdx1 (D), mafb (E), glut-1 (F), and glut-2 (G). Islet mRNA expression of insulin (A), glucagon (B), mafa (C), pdx1 (D), mafb (E), glut-1 (F), and glut-2 (G). Forty hand-picked islets were exposed to 50 μg/mL poly(I:C), inoculated with CVB4/E2-Yoon, CVB5/V89-4557, or CVB4/VD2921 or left untreated. Six days postinfection, or 1 day postexposure to poly(I:C), the intracellular mRNA content was measured by qPCR. The gene specific expression relative to expression of the reference gene 18S was normalized to the expression in mock-infected control islets from the same donor (2^-ΔΔCt). Data are expressed as mean ±SEM from experiments on six different islet donors (n=6). *p<0.05. CVB, coxsackievirus. M Hodik et al. BMJ Open Diab Res Care 2016;4:e000179 ©2016 by American Diabetes Association