Organic Chemistry.

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Presentation transcript:

Organic Chemistry

Organic Compounds Organic Compounds – A compound containing Carbon and Hydrogen The most common elements in living things are: Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen All organic compounds contain CARBON & HYDROGEN Common Organic Compounds: Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acid

Organic = has Carbon (C ) and Hydrogen (H) Organic or Inorganic??? Organic = has Carbon (C ) and Hydrogen (H) Inorganic Inorganic H2O  C6H12O6  CO2  NaCl  CH4  C12H22O11  ClO2  C10H14N2  HCl  NaOH  C18H12  C9H13NO  Organic Organic Inorganic Inorganic Inorganic Inorganic Organic Organic Organic Organic

Types of Carbohydrates Monosaccharide – 1 sugar molecule Disaccaride – 2 sugars bonded together Polysaccaride – 3 or more sugars bonded together Polymers – large molecules consisting of chains of repeating units

Types of Carbohydrates Mono = 1 Di = 2 Poly = 3 or more

Natural Polymers

Proteins – natural polymers Proteins – used to build and run an organism’s body Amino Acids – structural units of proteins; only 20 different types Sequence of amino acids = Protein

Nucleic Acids – Natural Polymers Nucleic Acid – hereditary material that is passed on from one generation to the next during reproduction; directs and controls the development and activities of all cells Contains a 5-carbon sugar, phosphorous group and a nitrogen base Kinds of Nucleic Acids: Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

Nucleic Acid

Synthetic Polymers Plastic Nylon Teflon Polyester PVC - polyvinyl chloride PET - polyethylene terephthalate

Saturated vs. unsaturated

Hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon derivatives Hydrocarbons are compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen in their formulas. Two basic categories of hydrocarbon: Saturated hydrocarbons: all carbon atoms are connected together with single bonds Unsaturated hydrocarbons: involve one or more multiple (double, triple) C-C bonds

Alkanes: saturated hydrocarbons

Alkanes: saturated hydrocarbons CH4 C2H6 C3H8

Unsaturated hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons which contain at least one C-C multiple (double or triple) bond. Alkenes are unsaturated, acyclic hydrocarbons that possess at least one C-C double bond. The generic formula for an alkene is CnH2n