Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere Chapter 4 - Section 2 Pgs 99 - 102

Energy from the Sun Most of the Earth’s energy comes from the sun 35% is reflected back into space 15% is absorbed by the atmosphere 50 % is absorbed by the earth’s surface

Heat energy that flows from an object with a higher temperature to an object with a lower temperature

Heat Heat always moves from a warmer place to a cooler place. Hot objects in a cooler room will cool to room temperature. Cold objects in a warmer room will heat up to room temperature.

Question? If a cup of coffee and a red popsicle were left on the table in this room what would happen to them? Why?

Answer The cup of coffee will cool until it reaches room temperature. The popsicle will melt and then the liquid will warm to room temperature.

Heat Transfer The Earth is heated by energy from the sun This heat is then transferred through the atmosphere by radiation, conduction or convection

Radiation energy transferred in the form of waves or rays

Conduction The transfer of heat that occurs when molecules bump into each other Energy transferred through direct contact

Convection Transfer of heat by the flow of material Convection circulates heat throughout the atmosphere

Example

The Water Cycle Hydrosphere - all the waters on Earth The constant cycling of water in the atmosphere and hydrosphere that plays an important role in determining weather patterns and climate types

The Water Cycle Evaporation - change of matter from a liquid to a gas state Condensation - change of matter from a gas to a liquid state Precipitation - rain, snow, sleet or hail that falls to the ground Transpiration - giving off of moisture through the surface of leaves or other plant parts Groundwater- water that collects and flows under ground Runoff- water that runs along the surface of land into a body of water

The Water Cycle Adding or subtracting heat keeps the cycle going