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Nat. Rev. Cardiol. doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2017.1 Figure 2 Mitral leaflet remodelling in functional mitral regurgitation (MR) Figure 2 | Mitral leaflet remodelling in functional mitral regurgitation (MR). The ratio between the coaptation leaflet area and the mitral valve area (MVA) has been proposed to characterize mitral leaflet remodelling in patients with functional MR. a | A transoesophageal echocardiographic scan of a patient with a structurally and functionally normal mitral valve. b,c | Transoesophageal echocardiographic scans of patients with dilated left ventricle (LV) and annulus dilation without and with substantial MR, respectively. Using dedicated software, 3D data are postprocessed to obtain a 3D model of the mitral valve. Compared with the control (panel a), the patients with a dilated LV have larger MVA. However, the patient with substantial MR (panel c) has a smaller coaptation leaflet area/MVA than the patient without MR (panel b), indicating insufficient mitral valve leaflet remodelling to compensate for mitral valve annulus dilatation. A, anterior; AL, anterolateral; Ao, aorta; P, posterior; PM, posteromedial. Reproduced from Debonnaire, P. et al. Leaflet remodelling in functional mitral valve regurgitation: characteristics, determinants, and relation to regurgitation severity. Eur. Heart J. Cardiovasc. Imaging 16, 290–299 (2015), with permission from Oxford University Press. Reproduced from Debonnaire, P. et al. Leaflet remodelling in functional mitral valve regurgitation: characteristics, determinants, and relation to regurgitation severity. Eur. Heart J. Cardiovasc. Imaging 16, 290–299 (2015), with permission from Oxford University Press Bax, J. J. & Delgado, V. (2017) Advanced imaging in valvular heart disease Nat. Rev. Cardiol. doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2017.1