Synergistic interaction of Activin and canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways in the anterior PS/endoderm specification during hES cell differentiation.

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Synergistic interaction of Activin and canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways in the anterior PS/endoderm specification during hES cell differentiation. Synergistic interaction of Activin and canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways in the anterior PS/endoderm specification during hES cell differentiation. (A) qPCR analysis on RNA isolated from HES-3 cells, with or without Activin A (100 ng/ml) or DKK1 (100 ng/ml) for 3 days, was performed (v, vehicle control; A, Activin A treated). (B,C) The ΔNβ-cateninER cells were cultured with Activin A (100 ng/ml) in the presence or absence of 4OHT for 3 days, and then analyzed by qPCR (B), or cell lysates were subjected to SDS-PAGE and probed with specific antibodies as indicated (C) (OHT, 4OHT treated). (D) Proposed model for early lineage determination of hES cell differentiation by the canonical Wnt/β-catenin, Activin and BMP signaling pathways (see Discussion). Tomoyuki Sumi et al. Development 2008;135:2969-2979 © 2008.