UNIT 23

Underline definitions of: (p. 152 and 153) Human rights Human rights violations Different types of human rights being violated Universal Declaration adopted? How many rights does it consist of? Different rights violated

And more… On page 153: Different rights violated Do act 23.1.

Right to a nationality and to live in your own country Right to work Different types of human rights violations committed around the world [Know each right and an example] Right to protest Right to a nationality and to live in your own country Right to work Right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion Women and children’s rights

Counter strategies to violations of human rights [MUST be able to give examples] Organisations: List three organisations Journalists and the media Musicians and other celebrities Religious leaders Boycotts Demonstrations and protest marches

Counter strategies to violations of human rights Non-governmental organisations Entrepreneurs Political persuasion Denial of International aid Legal methods List two examples Action Plans and campaigns Social networking

Gender equity Gender = distinguish between ways in which men and women or boys and girls dress / behave / how they relate to one another. Gender equity = fair treatment for women and men, according to their different needs. Thus: Differences should be identified and addressed in a way that ensures balance between the sexes.

Gender equity issues in sports and athletic activities In sport = treating men and women fairly and making sure that both genders have equal access to opportunities and sources. The draft school sport policy for public schools in SA (30 June 2009) states: “The Department of Basic Education and Sport and Recreation South Africa shall develop programmes that should promote racial integration, gender equity and representivity in competitive school sport.”

Gender equity in athletics Programmes for girls and boys Generally compete against learners of their own gender = biological differences make this more fair. Gender equity = ALL athletics events should be open to both boys and girls Still more events for men than women in Olympics (2012) Countering? All new sports introduced MUST include BOTH sexes. Equal male and female numbers of administrators.

Gender equity in soccer and rugby Many schools do not offer these for girls. Women’s biological makeup suggest they should play against women. Tag rugby can safely be played in mixed teams. There is a Rugby World Cup for women and a national rugby team. Girls kicking HIV= documentary about young girls who are living in townships and finding strength in personal fight against HIV by playing street soccer

Gender equity in tennis Mixed doubles is fun and an Olympic sport. Can play against each other. Women play only 3 sets, men play 5 in international tennis. Do women have the stamina to play 5? Scientifically proven that men hit the ball a lot harder and faster than women.

Positive developments towards gender equity in sport The Mathare Youth Sports Association UNHCR= designed practical comfortable sportswear which keeps within dress code acceptable to the community. WHAT CAN WE DO? Play traditional games together Hold mixed tournaments Girls can referee boys’ games and vice versa Take part in other team-building activities

Gender-based violence Any behaviour – psychological, physical, sexual – that is based on gender differences between males and females and is intended to control, humiliate or harm the individual. Based on prejudice; intended to make victim feel weak and inferior because of their gender Women are treated as being subordinate to men.

Gender-based violence Power and control in a relationship is decided by gender stereotypes, the cultural and social attitudes to men and women within a society and learned behaviour. Examples: Sexual violence (rape, sexual mistreatment, forced prostitution) Domestic violence Trafficking Forced / early marriages Harmful traditional practices (genital mutilation, honour killings, widow inheritance) – see p 172 NOTE PAD

Gender-based violence Because it threatens the safety, freedom and autonomy of women and girls, violence against women makes it impossible for women to take part in society and to fulfil their potential as human beings.

Impact of rape and gender-based violence Emotional impact of violence Life-long emotional distress or mental problems Witnessed abuse = lasting psychological damage Unable to experience loving relationships On health Know the effects on women’s reproductive health Genital mutilation, severe physical injury, alcoholism and suicide Social impact Know all 7

Prevention of violence against women Ending violence against women will mean changing some traditional ideas about masculinity. DEVAW In SA= Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters ) Amendment Act (2007) Education campaigns can be used to encourage women to report sexual violence and other gender-based violence.

Sources of help for victims Rape Crisis POWA LIFELINE CHILDLINE