Day 39 Chapter 16 (p. 552-559) (4.20) Glorious Revolution Britain: The Triumph of Parliament Day 39 Chapter 16 (p. 552-559) (4.20) Glorious Revolution

English Absolutism Charles I comes to power James II Long Parliament begins Moderate Radical Thermidorian Restoration Interregnum Restoration Constitution Thorough 1603 1625 1629 1640 1649 1653 1660 1673 1685 1688 Test Act Glorious Revolution James I Stuart Reign begins Charles I dissolves Parliament after it issues Petition of Right Charles II The Protectorate

King Charles II [r. 1660-1685] Had charm, poise, & political skills [unlike his father!] Supported arts/science Restored the theaters and reopened the pubs and brothels Favored religious toleration Had secret Catholic sympathies Secret treaty of Dover of 1670 Charles agreed to help Louis against the Dutch Louis agreed to give Charles 3 million livres Charles promised to announce his conversion to Catholicism when the time was right

Thermidorian Reaction 1661  “Cavalier” Parliament [filled with Royalists] Disbanded the Puritan army. Pardoned most Puritan rebels Restored the authority of the Church of England Booming economy New Amsterdam seized from Dutch New products (coffee, chocolate, tobacco, sugar) arrive Lloyds of London grants insurance for oversea trade Decadence Fathered 2 legitimate daughters (Mary & Anne) but no sons Puritans called him 'that great enemy of chastity and marriage' One of Charles II many mistresses

Exclusion Crisis 1662  Clarendon Code [Act of Uniformity] All clergy & church officials had to conform to the Anglican Book of Common Prayer It forbade “non-conformists” (Puritans) to worship publicly, teach their faith, or attend English universities Declaration of indulgence (1672) Charles II announced non-enforcement of laws against dissenters Viewed as a way to promote Catholics 1673  Test Act Parliament excluded all but Anglicans from civilian and military positions. [to the Anglican gentry, the Puritans were considered “radicals” and the Catholics were seen as “traitors!”] This began a movement to exclude James from the throne James II of England

Exclusion Crisis Titus Oates (1678) Anglican minister trumped up a story that there was a “Popish Plot” to reCatholicize England Exclusion Crisis (1678-81) Exclusionists (known as Whigs) Members of Parliament who wanted to exclude Charles II Catholic brother from throne Tried to have illegitimate son made heir Kings supporters (Tories) Lower Aristocracy and gentry King dissolved Parliament and had some arrested Re-Catholicization was a slow drifting tendency in much of Europe England remained staunchly anti-Catholic Charles II was baptized Catholic on his deathbed in 1685 James the heir & brother of Charles announced his conversion Catholicism Parliament countered with the Test Act of 1673

King James II [r. 1685-1688] Was a bigoted convert to Catholicism without any of Charles II’s shrewdness or ability to compromise. Alienated even the Tories. Provoked the revolution that Charles II had succeeded in avoiding!

King James II [r. 1685-1688] Introduced Catholics into the High Command of both the army and navy. Camped a standing army a few miles outside of London. Surrounded himself with Catholic advisors & attacked Anglican control of the universities. Claimed the power to suspend or dispense with Acts of Parliament. 1687  Declaration of Liberty of Conscience A Declaration of Indulgence in which he extended religious toleration without Parliament’s approval or support.

The Revolution of 1688 Suspends the Test Act and appoints Catholics to important positions Moves Tories over to Whig side 1688 a son is born to James II and baptized Catholic (James Francis) 1685 Edict of Fontainebleau in France Appears that England will become Catholic again

The “Glorious” Revolution: 1688 Whig & Tory leaders offered the throne jointly to James II’s daughter Mary [raised a Protestant] & her husband, William of Orange. He was a vigorous enemy of Louis XIV. He was seen as a champion of the Protestant cause.

English Bill of Rights [1689] It settled all of the major issues between King & Parliament. It served as a model for the U. S. Bill of Rights. It also formed a base for the steady expansion of civil liberties in the 18c and early 19c in England.

English Bill of Rights [1689] Main provisions: The King could not suspend the operation of laws. The King could not interfere with the ordinary course of justice. No taxes levied or standard army maintained in peacetime without Parliament’s consent. Freedom of speech in Parliament. Sessions of Parliament would be held frequently. Subjects had the right of bail, petition, and freedom from excessive fines and cruel and unusual punishment. The monarch must be a Protestant. Freedom from arbitrary arrest. Censorship of the press was dropped. Religious toleration.

Click for 10 minute summary Glorious Revolution Sum of events after 1688 became known as the Glorious Revolution Justified by John Locke Right of rebellion against tyranny (not in Ireland) Natural Rights Parliamentary government Rule of law Restrictions on the power of English kings England is not a democracy no salaries for public officials Had to be wealthy to serve serves the landed aristocracy Click for 10 minute summary