Anti-epileptic Drugs Journal of Pain and Symptom Management

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Anti-epileptic Drugs Journal of Pain and Symptom Management Paul Howard, BMedSci, MRCP, Robert Twycross, DM, FRCP, John Shuster, MD, Mary Mihalyo, BS, PharmD, RPh, Jan Rémi, MD, Andrew Wilcock, DM, FRCP Journal of Pain and Symptom Management Volume 42, Issue 5, Pages 788-804 (November 2011) DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2011.10.007 Copyright © 2011 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Mechanisms of action of anti-epileptics and related drugs.1–7,9 Brackets indicate a contributory, but not predominant, action of the anti-epileptic. aAlthough many anti-epileptics have more than one mode of action, valproic acid in particular is thought to have no single predominant action. bT-type calcium channels are responsible for thalamic burst firing (implicated in absence seizures); they are also found in some nociceptors, where they may influence firing thresholds (see text). Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 2011 42, 788-804DOI: (10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2011.10.007) Copyright © 2011 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Management and IV drug treatment of status epilepticus in adults. See text for more detail. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 2011 42, 788-804DOI: (10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2011.10.007) Copyright © 2011 Terms and Conditions