Basics of Matter.

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Presentation transcript:

Basics of Matter

Elements All matter is made of one or more elements Elements are substances that can’t be separated into simpler substances There are over 100 different elements Human body is mostly : carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur

Chemical Symbols Each element has its own symbol The symbol can be 1 or 2 letters Examples: C = Carbon Au = Gold (Aurem)

Atoms An atom is the smallest piece of an element Each element is made out of a different type of atom Atoms are the simplest type of particle An element’s properties depend on the structure of its atoms

Compounds Most elements are found as part of a compound A compound is two or more elements that have chemically combined Water is a compound, not an element. It can be separated into hydrogen and oxygen

Electrolysis of Water

Molecules Water is made from particles called molecules – not atoms A molecule is a particle made of two or more atoms that are chemically bound together Every water molecule has 2 hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom Some elements are molecular

Atoms and molecules are the “particles” that make up all matter

Chemical Formulas A chemical formula tells you: which elements are present in a substance how many atoms of each element Example: Sugar C12H22O11 Sugar has: 12 atoms of Carbon 22 atoms of Hydrogen 11 atoms of Oxygen

Element or Compound? Which is the element and which is the compound? Co or CO How do you know? How many elements are in the compounds below? Fe2O3 RbBr HCN H2SO4

How many atoms? How many atoms are represented in each of the following chemical formulas? As2O5 SeO2 AgNO3 Na2S Ca(OH)2 (NH4)2SO4