Chapter 10 Review

What contributions did Charles Lyell and James Hutton provide for Charles Darwin’s development of his theory of evolution? The Earth was very old? Old enough for evolution to have been able to take place.

What specific trait (adaptation) did Charles Darwin study concerning the finches found on the Galapagos Islands? The birds beaks. Different beaks were adapted for gathering different kinds of food available on the different islands.

What was the name of the book Charles Darwin published in 1859 that detailed his theory of Natural Selection? “On the Origin of Species”

What was the theory of evolution proposed by Lamarck? Proposed changes in environment caused an organism behavior to change, leading to greater use or disuse of a structure or organ proposed theory that all organisms evolved toward perfection and complexity

What does a peacock use its brightly colored plumage (feathers) for? Attracting a mate.

Natural selection acts directly on ____________. Phenotype The physical characteristics (color of fur, behavior, size and shape, etc.)

7. Why did the black moths begin to outnumber the white moths with the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in England? Black soot covered trees, turning them from white to black. Black moths were now more fit (they were better camoflaged than white moths)

8. homologous structures features that are similar in structure but have different functions (suggested common ancestor) (i.e. forelimbs of vertebrates)

9. analogous structures- structures that perform similar function but are not similar in origin (i.e. wings of bats and insects)

10. vestigial structures structures or organs that seem to lack any useful function that had a function in early ancestor

11. natural selection- Some adaptations allow organism to survive at higher rate and individuals are “naturally selected” to survive and produce offspring

12. artificial selection- process by which humans changes a species by breeding it for certain traits

13. fitness- measure of ability to survive and produce more offspring relative to other members of a population

14. variation- variations in populations are basis for natural selection.

15. adaptation a feature that allows an organism to better survive in environment)